{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:02:36Z","timestamp":1777420956535,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 17% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are prescribed at least 1 home neuropsychiatric medication (NPM). When abruptly discontinued, withdrawal symptoms may occur manifesting as agitation or delirium in the ICU setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of early reinitiation of NPMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, observational cohort of adult ICU patients in a tertiary care hospital. Patients were included if admitted to the ICU and prescribed a NPM prior to arrival. Study groups were based on the timing of reinitiation of at least 50% of NPMs: \u226472 hours (early group) versus &gt;72 hours (late group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with at least 1 agitation or delirium episode in the first 72 hours. Agitation and delirium were defined as at least 1 RASS assessment between +2 to +4 and a positive CAM-ICU assessment, respectively. A total of 300 patients were included, with 187 (62%) and 113 (38%) in the early and late groups, respectively. There was no difference in agitation or delirium (late 54 [48%] vs early 62 [33%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.8-2.8; P = 0.193). Independent risk factors found to be associated with the primary outcome were restraints (aOR = 12.9; 95% CI = 6.9-24.0; P &lt; 0.001) and benzodiazepines (BZDs; aOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0-3.7; P = 0.038).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjustment for baseline differences, there was no difference in agitation or delirium. Independent risk factors were restraint use and newly initiated BZDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020935589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T02:06:38Z","timestamp":1592791598000},"page":"15-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Early Reinitiation of Neuropsychiatric Medications on Agitation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5823-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaelia D.","family":"Cucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9034-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany S.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaimini S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan T.","family":"Shimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dania I.","family":"Mofleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chanda L.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028020935589","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299"},{"key":"bibr2-1060028020935589","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1722"},{"key":"bibr3-1060028020935589","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.07.046"},{"key":"bibr4-1060028020935589","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1992"},{"key":"bibr5-1060028020935589","first-page":"255","volume":"25","author":"Black K","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychiatry 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