{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:49:42Z","timestamp":1793051382463,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ketamine has seen increased use for sedation in the intensive care unit. In contrast to propofol or dexmedetomidine, ketamine may provide a positive effect on hemodynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare the development of clinically significant hypotension or bradycardia (ie, negative hemodynamic event) between critically ill adults receiving sedation with ketamine and either propofol or dexmedetomidine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of adults admitted to an intensive care unit at an academic medical center between January 2016 and January 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients in the ketamine group (n = 78) had significantly less clinically significant hypotension or bradycardia compared with those receiving propofol or dexmedetomidine (n = 156) (34.6% vs 63.5%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Patients receiving ketamine also experienced smaller degree of hypotension observed by percent decrease in mean arterial pressure (25.3% [17.4] vs 33.8% [14.5];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and absolute reduction in systolic blood pressure (26.5 [23.8] vs 42.0 [37.8] mm Hg;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and bradycardia (15.5 [24.3] vs 32.0 [23.0] reduction in beats per minute;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression modeling, receipt of propofol or dexmedetomidine was the only independent predictor of a negative hemodynamic event (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 6.1;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ketamine was associated with less clinically relevant hypotension or bradycardia when compared with propofol or dexmedetomidine, in addition to a smaller absolute decrease in hemodynamic parameters. The clinical significance of these findings requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280211051028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T02:54:21Z","timestamp":1634784861000},"page":"764-772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hemodynamic Effects of Ketamine Compared With Propofol or Dexmedetomidine as Continuous ICU Sedation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3161-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan","family":"Atchley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eljim","family":"Tesoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"University of Illinois Hospital &amp; Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pulver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8811-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Benken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"University of Illinois Hospital &amp; Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019895502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066619884548."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000328."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.304."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9902-6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618802269."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.56."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy6030093."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.05.015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5218-5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Paper presented at the International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine","author":"Nielsen N","unstructured":"Nielsen N, Zeng F, Gerbasi M, Oster G, Grossman A, Shapiro N. 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