{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:20:12Z","timestamp":1788315612208,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014369","name":"Organon","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014369","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly prevalent vaginal infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary objectives of this study were to examine treatment patterns among female patients with Medicaid coverage who were diagnosed with incident BV, the frequency of BV-associated complications, and health care resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs of incident BV and its recurrence. Secondary objectives were to identify predictors of total all-cause health care costs and number of treatment courses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female patients aged 12-49 years with an incident vaginitis diagnosis and \u22651 pharmacy claim for a BV medication were selected from the Merative MarketScan Medicaid database (2017-2020). Additional treatment courses were evaluated during a \u226512-month follow-up period, in which new cases of BV-associated complications and HCRU and the associated costs were also measured. Generalized linear models were used to identify baseline predictors of total all-cause health care costs and number of treatment courses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An incident vaginitis diagnosis and \u22651 BV medication claim were present in 114\u2009313 patients (mean age: 28.4 years; 48.6% black). During the follow-up, 56.6% had 1 treatment course, 24.9% had 2, 10.2% had 3, and 8.3% had \u22654; 43.4% had BV recurrence. Oral metronidazole (88.5%) was the most frequently prescribed medication. Nearly 1 in 5 had a new occurrence of a BV-associated complication; most (76.6%) were sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Total all-cause and BV-related costs averaged $5794 and $300, respectively, per patient; both increased among those with more treatment courses. Older age, pregnancy, comorbidity, any STIs, postprocedural gynecological infection (PGI), and infertility were predictive of higher total all-cause health care costs, while race\/ethnicity other than white was predictive of lower costs. Older age, black race, any STIs, pelvic inflammatory disease, and PGI were predictive of &gt;1 treatment courses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high recurrence of BV represents an unmet need in women\u2019s health care and better treatments are necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280231190701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T07:38:05Z","timestamp":1692257885000},"page":"480-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment Patterns, Associated Complications, and Health Care Economic Burden of Women With Medicaid Coverage in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Eren","family":"Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, Jersey City, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifton M.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Actu-real, Alpharetta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Lingohr-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novosys Health, Green Brook, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novosys Health, Green Brook, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candice","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, Jersey City, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Tangirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, Jersey City, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, Jersey City, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, Jersey City, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Women\u2019s Care Division 64, Laurel, MD, USA"},{"name":"Holy Cross Hospital, Silver Spring, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000247627.84791.91"},{"key":"bibr2-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000972"},{"key":"bibr3-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac021"},{"key":"bibr4-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6404a1","volume":"64","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr5-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.3.783"},{"key":"bibr6-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503780"},{"key":"bibr7-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw159"},{"key":"bibr8-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00743.x"},{"key":"bibr9-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3484-1"},{"key":"bibr10-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272012"},{"key":"bibr11-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000194"},{"key":"bibr12-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-022-02311-w"},{"key":"bibr13-10600280231190701","first-page":"1","volume":"69","author":"Gregory ECW","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"bibr14-10600280231190701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100819"},{"key":"bibr15-10600280231190701","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicaid and CHIP beneficiary profile: maternal and infant health. Published 2020. Accessed December 12, 2022. https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/quality-of-care\/downloads\/mih-beneficiary-profile.pdf"},{"key":"bibr16-10600280231190701","unstructured":"Planned Parenthood Action Fund. Medicaid and reproductive health. Published 2022. Accessed December 12, 2022. https:\/\/www.plannedparenthoodaction.org\/issues\/health-care-equity\/medicaid-and-reproductive-health"},{"key":"bibr17-10600280231190701","unstructured":"Kaiser Family Foundation. Women\u2019s health insurance coverage. Published 2022. Accessed March 3, 2023. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/womens-health-policy\/fact-sheet\/womens-health-insurance-coverage\/"},{"key":"bibr18-10600280231190701","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bacterial vaginosis\u2014CDC fact sheet. Date unknown. 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