{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:51:41Z","timestamp":1777420301929,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use for management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) consists of a short-duration trial, according to guidelines. Long-term usage is appropriate under certain indications. Literature has increasingly documented an adverse effect profile of PPIs, including kidney disease and bone fragility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the rate of occurrence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients using PPI therapy for longer than the recommended trial period of 8 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort analysis of a single-site primary care clinic. Patients aged 18 to 65 years with PPI prescriptions longer than 8 weeks were included. Information regarding PPI prescriptions, demographics, and medical diagnoses was collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search discovered 293 PPI-users and 1908 never-PPI-users. Demographics varied, with a P-value &lt;0.05 in age, body mass index (BMI), and black population (higher in PPI group). The PPI cohort featured higher rates of osteoporosis\/osteopenia and CKD ( P &lt; 0.001). The odds ratios (ORs) of diagnosis with PPI use was 2.91 (95% CI = [1.692, 4.979]) in osteoporosis\/osteopenia. The OR was 1.14 (95% CI = [1.141, 2.229]) in CKD and PPI use but higher with diabetes, elevated BMI, black race, and male gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed increased occurrence rates of osteoporosis, or osteopenia, and CKD in patients with prolonged PPI use. Demographics varied in age, BMI, and black race proportion. A logistic regression revealed increased likelihood of kidney disease and osteoporosis\/osteopenia in association with PPI use. These results add to the evidence regarding long-term PPI use and the development of these conditions, but additional studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280241273773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T07:36:31Z","timestamp":1725435391000},"page":"330-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Prolonged Proton-Pump Inhibitor Use on Renal Dysfunction and Bone Fragility"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2562-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yianni","family":"Protopapadakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayden","family":"Shuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine-Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Austin B.","family":"Bambach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Brayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine-Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Ewing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Biostatistics, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Blumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.01.040"},{"key":"bibr2-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001538"},{"key":"bibr3-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12759"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr4-10600280241273773","first-page":"19","volume":"34","author":"Lehault WB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fed Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr5-10600280241273773","first-page":"725","volume":"5","author":"Heidelbaugh JJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY)"},{"key":"bibr6-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.07.012"},{"key":"bibr7-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39406.449456.BE"},{"key":"bibr8-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2008.12.001"},{"key":"bibr9-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57187\/smw.2023.40119"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr10-10600280241273773","first-page":"267","volume":"71","author":"Nguyen PV","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr11-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062262"},{"key":"bibr12-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83099-y"},{"key":"bibr13-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw470"},{"key":"bibr14-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7193"},{"key":"bibr15-10600280241273773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0021"},{"key":"bibr16-10600280241273773","unstructured":"Pyne L, Smyth A, Molnar AO, et al The effects of pantoprazole on kidney outcomes\u2014post hoc: observational analysis from the COMPASS trial. 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