{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:04:14Z","timestamp":1793271854979,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prescribing information for parenteral midazolam contains a Boxed Warning stating its use may precipitate respiratory arrest, and its safety in non-intensive care unit (ICU) nursing units has been understudied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the safety of intermittent midazolam injections in patients admitted to non-ICU nursing units relative to lorazepam injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center, retrospective, matched-cohort study included patients \u226518 years of age who received intermittent midazolam in non-ICU nursing units. Midazolam administrations were matched 1:1 to lorazepam administrations. Safety outcomes included hypotension, bradycardia, bradypnea, and escalation in level of nursing unit care or oxygen requirement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 94 midazolam administrations were matched to lorazepam administrations. Demographic data were similar between groups. Midazolam was more commonly given intravenously (95.7% vs 85.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) and in an intermediate care nursing unit (31.9% vs 14.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009). The lorazepam cohort had significantly fewer concomitant respiratory depressants administered, and there were no differences in the use of beta-blockers or antihypertensives. There were no differences in the incidence of hypotension (1.1% vs 2.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), bradycardia (5.3% vs 2.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.44), bradypnea (1.1% vs 0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), escalation in level of care (2.1% vs 2.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), or escalation in oxygen requirement (5.3% vs 3.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.72).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The administration of parenteral midazolam in non-ICU nursing units resulted in a similar incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, bradypnea, escalation in oxygen requirement, and escalation in level of care compared with lorazepam. These results suggest that midazolam may have a similar safety profile to lorazepam, supporting its use in non-ICU nursing units.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280241299059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:49:21Z","timestamp":1735606161000},"page":"620-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Safety of Intermittent Parenteral Midazolam Injection in Hospitalized Patients Admitted to Non-Intensive Care Nursing Units: A Retrospective Matched-Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6348-5168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Torr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolette","family":"Centanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Riker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1985.tb03411.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Midazolam injection [package insert]. Lake Zurich IL: Fresenius Kabi; 2017. Accessed April 4 2024. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2021\/211844s000lbl.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0736-4679(97)00022-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Lingamchetty TN Hosseini SA Saadabadi A. Midazolam. [Updated June 5 2023]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island FL: StatPearls Publishing;2024. Accessed April 4 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537321\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.3.389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Clinical alert: lorazepam injection drug shortage. PharMerica. Updated July 2022. Accessed April 4 2024. https:\/\/pharmerica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Clinical-Alert-Lorazepam-Injection-Drug-Shortage.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of outpatient midazolam intravenous sedation for oral surgery with and without fentanyl","volume":"40","author":"Milgrom P","year":"1993","unstructured":"Milgrom P, Beirne OR, Fiset L, Weinstein P, Tay KM, Martin M. The safety and efficacy of outpatient midazolam intravenous sedation for oral surgery with and without fentanyl. Anesth Prog. 1993;40(3):57-62.","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.19329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.2019.14.4.401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1557(199703)6:2<79::AID-PDS262>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1992.tb04512.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Flockhart DA Thacker D McDonald C Desta Z. The Flockhart Cytochrome P450 Drug-Drug Interaction Table. Bloomington IN: Division of Clinical Pharmacology School of Medicine Indiana University; 2021. Accessed April 4 2024. https:\/\/drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000721.]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Bradypnea. Cleveland Clinic. Updated March 17 2023. Accessed April 4 2024. https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/24832-bradypnea."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Sharma S Hashmi MF Bhattacharya PT. Hypotension [Updated February 19 2023]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Accessed April 4 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499961\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200108000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Chandramouli J Wheeler M. Drug Shortage Detail: Lorazepam Injection. ASHP. Published June 23 2015. Updated July 22 2024. Accessed August 10 2024. https:\/\/www.ashp.org\/drug-shortages\/current-shortages\/drug-shortage-detail.aspx?id=87"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-022-00917-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2023.2269899"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280241299059","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10600280241299059","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280241299059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:13:55Z","timestamp":1777374835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10600280241299059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10600280241299059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280241299059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]}}}