{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T19:22:51Z","timestamp":1780428171698,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the preferred prophylactic agent for\n Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/jats:italic>\n pneumonia (PJP) and toxoplasmosis after solid organ transplant (SOT). Compared with other agents, it has additional activity against\n Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n species.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n \n The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of\n Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n infection in SOT patients receiving TMP-SMX or an alternative agent for opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective analysis included transplant recipients at a large urban medical center over a period of 4 years. All patients received either TMP-SMX or an alternative agent for PJP prophylaxis. The primary outcome was the incidence of\n Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n infection within 24 months posttransplant. Secondary outcomes included resistance rates of\n Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n isolates, usage rates of alternative prophylactic agents, reasons for using alternative agents, and rate of conversion from an alternative agent back to TMP-SMX.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 791 adult SOT recipients who received PJP or toxoplasmosis prophylaxis were included. Mean age at transplantation was 60.9 years with the majority of patients being male (67.3%) lung transplant recipients (63.6%). TMP-SMX was the most commonly used initial prophylactic agent (84.6%), followed by atovaquone (15.4%). Of the 791 SOT recipients, 16 (2.0%) were diagnosed with nocardiosis within 24 months posttransplant. Patients receiving alternative agents had a higher incidence of infection compared with those receiving TMP-SMX prophylaxis (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n Our findings suggest that OI prophylaxis with TMP-SMX may be protective against nocardiosis in SOT recipients. If possible, patients who are switched to an alternative agent due to TMP-SMX intolerance should be re-challenged when the adverse effect resolves. Most patients in our study were able to tolerate re-initiation, suggesting that the adverse effects associated with TMP-SMX may be temporary and may not warrant discontinuation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280241302412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:43:34Z","timestamp":1733877814000},"page":"604-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the Incidence of Nocardia Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients on Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0589-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6418-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5456-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Burnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishani","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Ruggia-Check","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000793"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13546"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.15016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005590.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13679"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280241302412","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10600280241302412","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280241302412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:13:57Z","timestamp":1777374837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10600280241302412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10600280241302412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280241302412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]}}}