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Whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are associated with these diseases is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on nervous system disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science for randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trials of at least \u226524\u2009weeks. We used Mantel\u2013Haenszel statistical method, risk ratio (RR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) to dichotomous variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 52 publications\/trials covering 111\u2009376 participants (SGLT2 inhibitors 62\u2009192; Placebo 49\u2009184). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors had no significant effect on ischaemic stroke (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.87-1.09;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.64), cerebrovascular accident (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.91-1.22;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.50), dementia (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.78-2.12;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.32), carotid artery occlusion\/carotid artery stenosis (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.92-1.53;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.20), haemorrhagic stroke (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.62-1.12;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.23), and transient ischaemic attack (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.82-1.15;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.73) compared to placebo. No significant heterogeneity was observed. However, SGLT2 inhibitors showed slight effects to reduce the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease (major heart failure subgroup). Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin significantly increased the risk of syncope (RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.15-2.38;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) and carotid artery occlusion\/carotid artery stenosis (RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.04-2.61;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on nervous system disorders was observed. There was reduced risk for Parkinson\u2019s Disease observed in some specific populations. In addition, the risks of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin concerning syncope and carotid artery occlusion\/carotid artery stenosis are worth attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280251317495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T10:10:38Z","timestamp":1740305438000},"page":"809-821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Nervous System Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0594-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 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