{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:56:19Z","timestamp":1787586979933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The standard of care for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is symptom-triggered benzodiazepines. There is an interest in utilizing phenobarbital first line for AWS in trauma-surgical patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare a preemptive phenobarbital monotherapy protocol to symptom-triggered benzodiazepines for the prevention or treatment of AWS in the trauma-surgical patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a single-center, retrospective study to evaluate the AWS standard of care for the Trauma Surgical Critical Care Service. Patients were divided into groups based on AWS protocol. The primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included: hospital mortality, hospital LOS, use of adjunctive agents for sedation, and incidence of mechanical ventilation rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 514 patients were screened for eligibility, and 200 patients met inclusion criteria, with 100 patients being in each group. Patients who received the symptom-triggered benzodiazepine protocol had similar ICU LOS (median [IQR], 2.6 days [1.4-5.6 days] vs 2.9 days [1.8-4.7 days];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.4) and hospital LOS (8.1 days [3.9-16.9 days] vs 7.1 days [3.9-11.2 days];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05) compared with the phenobarbital protocol. Hospital mortality was significantly lower in those who received phenobarbital (4% vs 14%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02), as was use of adjunctive sedative agents (22% vs 46%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and mechanical ventilation rates (9% vs 31%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) when compared with symptom-triggered benzodiazepines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trauma-surgical patients receiving phenobarbital for prevention or treatment of AWS had similar ICU and hospital LOS compared with symptom-triggered benzodiazepines. The use of a phenobarbital protocol was associated with lower mortality, mechanical ventilation, and adjunctive sedative medication use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280251340164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T01:54:34Z","timestamp":1748483674000},"page":"105-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Symptom-Triggered Benzodiazepines Versus Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Trauma-Surgical Intensive Care Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7853-7889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor M.","family":"Law","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer L.","family":"Roper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5698-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassey","family":"Starnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Rains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Ming","family":"Yune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, PeaceHealth Trauma and Acute Surgery at Northwest Specialty Clinic, Springfield, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Hieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mercy Hospital, Canton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reagan","family":"Bollig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2533-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Shaun","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"SAaMHSA. Quality CfBHSa: 2022 National survey on drug use and health: detailed tables. 2.8B alcohol use in lifetime past year and past month: among people aged 12 or older; by detailed age category. Percentages 2021 and 2022; p. 230608. Published 2023. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/2022-nsduh-detailed-tables"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"SAaMHSA. Quality CfBHSa: 2022 National survey on drug use and health: detailed tables. 5.3B drug use disorder alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder in past year: among people aged 12 or older; by detailed age category. Percentages 2021 and 2022; p. 230801. 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