{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:54:26Z","timestamp":1777420466058,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While consensus guidelines exist for phenotype-guided proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dosing in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, the impact in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment in a real-world setting is unknown. The study aims were to determine whether\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      rapid metabolizers (RMs) and ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs) have higher PPI doses and more treatment failures than normal metabolizers (NMs) in the treatment of GERD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this retrospective chart review, adults with pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing results at the study center and treated with PPI therapy for GERD were included for enrollment into 1 of 3 cohorts:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      UM, RM, and NM. Pertinent baseline characteristics collected were age, body mass index, tobacco, and alcohol history. The primary outcome was the comparison of total daily omeprazole equivalents (OEs) of the highest prescribed PPI dose. Secondary outcomes included incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleed (UGIB) and historical trials of PPIs, histamine-2 blockers, antacids, sucralfate, and prokinetics. Continuous outcomes were compared with one-way analysis of variance, and nominal outcomes were compared with a \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in RStudio.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 48 UM, 298 RM, and 432 NM that met study inclusion. Baseline characteristics were similar across cohorts. Mean total OE did not differ between groups: UM 41.6 mg, RM 40.1 mg, NM 38.5 mg (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.52). There were no differences seen among individual gastric agents or mean total number of historical gastric medications trialed: UM 2.5, RM 2.4, NM 2.3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17) medications. The incidence of UGIB was not statistically different between cohorts: UM 12.5%, RM 12.8%, NM 9.3% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no association between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype and historical medication prescribing for GERD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280251367432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T10:59:07Z","timestamp":1758452347000},"page":"366-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of CYP2C19 Phenotype on Historical Medication Prescribing for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Healthcare System of the Ozarks, Fayetteville, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leela","family":"Kodali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISN 16 Clinical Resource Hub, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5957-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Healthcare System of the Ozarks, Fayetteville, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Healthcare System of the Ozarks, Fayetteville, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.014"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","article-title":"Epidemiology, causes, and management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Shaqran TM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaqran TM, Ismaeel MM, Alnuaman AA, et al. Epidemiology, causes, and management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e47420.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00723.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2020.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-005-0063-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200038030-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.901514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"PharmGKB. 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Endosc Int Open. 2021;9(6):E843-E847.","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwae005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.127637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-3051-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","article-title":"Interchangeable use of proton pump inhibitors based on relative potency","volume":"16","author":"Graham D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graham D, Tansel A. Interchangeable use of proton pump inhibitors based on relative potency. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;16:800-808e7.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03143-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90201-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01322.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"645","article-title":"A pharmacogenetics-based approach to managing gastroesophageal reflux disease: current perspectives and future steps","volume":"16","author":"Eken E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eken E, Estores DS, Cicali EJ, Wiisanen KK, Johnson JA. A pharmacogenetics-based approach to managing gastroesophageal reflux disease: current perspectives and future steps. 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