{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:47:51Z","timestamp":1785934071999,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nontraditional models of care, including pharmacist-led management, have emerged to improve access to evidence-based cystitis treatment. Drawing from studies in Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, evidence demonstrates that pharmacists can safely and effectively manage cystitis using established protocols without compromising antimicrobial stewardship. These models expedite patient access to care while maintaining quality and safety. With more than 15 years of international experience supporting pharmacist-led cystitis management, policymakers and professional organizations have robust data to guide implementation and inform ongoing debates on optimizing care delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280251407250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:09:18Z","timestamp":1769058558000},"page":"907-912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FAQs About Pharmacist Management of Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Klepser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Tsuyuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan P.","family":"Beahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Boise, ID, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-4399(02)80035-6"},{"issue":"169","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ambulatory medical care utilization estimates for 2007","volume":"13","author":"Schappert SM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schappert SM, Rechtsteiner EA. Ambulatory medical care utilization estimates for 2007. Vital Health Stat. 2011;13(169):1-38.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Trautner BW Cortes-Penfield NW Gupta K et al. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI): Clinical Guidelines for Treatment and Management. Infectious Disease Society of America. July 17 2025. Accessed November 5 2025. https:\/\/www.idsociety.org\/practice-guideline\/complicated-urinary-tract-infections\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"771","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis","volume":"84","author":"Colgan R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Colgan R, Williams M. Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(7):771-776.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.20.2701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Span P. A Common Infection Commonly Overtreated. The New Old Age. April 7 2011. Accessed November 5 2025. https:\/\/newoldage.blogs.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/07\/in-nursing-homes-a-common-infection-is-commonly-overtreated\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Nissen L Lau E Spinks J. The management of urinary tract infections by community pharmacists: a state-wide trial [QUT e-Prints]. 2022. Accessed November 5 2025. https:\/\/eprints.qut.edu.au\/232923\/8\/UTIPP_Q_Final_Report_2022_QUT_for_publication.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17151635177230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163518781175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4303-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-016-0388-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-016-0415-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp13X665206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/CP.2018.20204055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423617000925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics909583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Poster presented at American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting;","author":"Czapinski J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Czapinski J, Akers J. Patient access to care through pharmacist-provided services for minor illnesses and conditions. Poster presented at American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting; March 2018; Nashville, TN."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy8030112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17151635231188330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1104429"},{"issue":"482","key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"729","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of nitrofurantoin versus placebo in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adult women","volume":"52","author":"Christiaens TC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Christiaens TC, De Meyere M, Verschraegen G, Peersman W, Heytens S, De Maeseneer JM. Randomised controlled trial of nitrofurantoin versus placebo in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adult women. Br J Gen Pract. 2002;52(482):729-734.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-3-302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"ACOG Webinar;","author":"Greenberg J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greenberg J, Miranne J. Preventing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. ACOG Webinar; May 6-9, 2017; San Diego, CA. Accessed November 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.acog.org\/About-ACOG\/ACOG-Departments\/Toolkits-for-Health-Care-Providers\/UTI-Toolkit"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00122-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"589","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of telephone management of suspected urinary tract infections in women","volume":"50","author":"Barry HC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barry HC, Hickner J, Ebell MH, Ettenhofer T. A randomized controlled trial of telephone management of suspected urinary tract infections in women. J Fam Pract. 2001;50(7):589-594.","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"326","article-title":"Acute cystitis in women: experience with a telephone-based algorithm","volume":"106","author":"Schauberger CW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schauberger CW, Merkitch KW, Prell AM. Acute cystitis in women: experience with a telephone-based algorithm. WMJ. 2007;106(6):326-329.","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Jackson NB. Fighting urinary tract infections with a phone call. New York Times. January 15 2002. Accessed November 5 2025. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/01\/15\/health\/fighting-urinary-tract-infections-with-a-phone-call.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-024-01768-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2017.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2014.0083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163521999417"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2017.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v11i3.1532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v12i2.3897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280231187171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.05.076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163517725517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship in rural continuing care: impact of interprofessional education and clinical decision tool implementation on urinary tract infection treatment","author":"Sadowski C","unstructured":"Sadowski C, Pasay D. Antimicrobial stewardship in rural continuing care: impact of interprofessional education and clinical decision tool implementation on urinary tract infection treatment. CPhA 2017 Conference Abstract.","journal-title":"CPhA 2017 Conference Abstract"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","author":"Beahm NP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beahm NP, Smyth DJ, Tsuyuki RT. Pharmacist prescribing and care for patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the community: antimicrobial utilization and stewardship results of the RxOUTMAP study. Poster #200. IDWeek; 2018; San Francisco, CA.","journal-title":"IDWeek"},{"issue":"1437","key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Treatment of uncomplicated cystitis: analysis of prescribing in New Zealand","volume":"129","author":"Gauld NJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gauld NJ, Zeng ISL, Ikram RB, Thomas MG, Buetow SA. Treatment of uncomplicated cystitis: analysis of prescribing in New Zealand. NZ Med J. 2016;129(1437):55-63.","journal-title":"NZ Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"Medsafe. Minutes of the 47th meeting of the Medicines Classification Committee 1 May 2012. Accessed November 5 2025. http:\/\/www.medsafe.govt.nz\/profs\/class\/mccMin1May2012.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority. Classification of trimethoprim: information paper for the Medicines Classification Committee. January 2018. Accessed November 5 2025. http:\/\/www.medsafe.govt.nz\/profs\/class\/Agendas\/Agen60\/5.3.1-MCC-Information-Paper-Trimethoprim.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163518779790"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Improving access to urinary tract infection treatment: the reclassification of trimethoprim","volume":"3","author":"Gauld N.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gauld N. Improving access to urinary tract infection treatment: the reclassification of trimethoprim. Selfcare J. 2012;3(6):115-120.","journal-title":"Selfcare J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Attowool J. AMAQ survey cites \u201calarming\u201d complications from pharmacy pilot. News GP. September 5 2022. Accessed November 5 2025. https:\/\/www1.racgp.org.au\/newsgp\/professional\/amaq-survey-cites-alarming-complications-from-uti?feed=RACGPnewsGPArticles"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2014.20.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe777137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7710227"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280251407250","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10600280251407250","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280251407250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:07:34Z","timestamp":1785931654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10600280251407250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10600280251407250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280251407250","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]}}}