{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:09:36Z","timestamp":1779271776071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexmedetomidine is recommended for postoperative sedation in critically ill pediatric patients after cardiac surgery with anticipated early extubation. There is inadequate national guidelines on its use as a primary sedation agent in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective chart review included children aged 1 month to 14 years admitted to the PICU at a quaternary hospital in Saudi Arabia who were mechanically ventilated and received either dexmedetomidine or midazolam as their primary sedative. The primary objectives were PICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. Secondary objectives included the requirement for additional sedative and analgesic agents, achievement of sedation goal based on the Sedation Behavioral Scale (SBS) and COMFORT scale, and the occurrence of hypotension, bradycardia, or arrhythmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 190 patients were included, 38 patients received dexmedetomidine and 152 received midazolam. The mean PICU length of stay was 13.97 \u00b1 14.96 days for the dexmedetomidine group and 11.92 \u00b1 12.68 days for the midazolam group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.39). Mechanical ventilation (MV) duration was 8.35 \u00b1 14.33 days and 6.10 \u00b1 8.44 days, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.36). Patients in the midazolam group required more additional sedatives\/analgesics, while sedation goal achievement was higher but not statistically significant. No differences in safety outcomes were noted, including cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, or hypotension.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexmedetomidine and midazolam showed comparable efficacy and safety outcomes indicating no advantage of one agent over the other. Dexmedetomidine can be considered an alternative to midazolam when minimizing additional sedative and opioid exposure is desired.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280261447872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:26:36Z","timestamp":1779092796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam as a Primary Sedative Agent in Critically Ill Pediatrics"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8993-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid W.","family":"Taher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayas","family":"Alnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Clinical Trials Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahaf","family":"Yaseen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahani","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duaa","family":"Alharazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuran","family":"Alrayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murhaf","family":"Alnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine-MPH, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rayd","family":"Almehizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moath","family":"Alabdulsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2008.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Lexi-Comp Online. Midazolam drug information. Accessed August 21 2022. http:\/\/online.lexi.com\/crlonline"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Lexi-Comp Online. Dexmedetomidine drug information. Accessed August 21 2022. http:\/\/online.lexi.com\/crlonline"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000121143.74506.B6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-021-2124-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1110-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2001.11927725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.50.3.206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31825b8b39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S139387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51893\/2023.1.OA5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002249"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280261447872","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10600280261447872","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10600280261447872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:47:13Z","timestamp":1779270433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10600280261447872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10600280261447872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280261447872","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"article-number":"10600280261447872"}}