{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:48:20Z","timestamp":1777416500218,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,5,1]],"date-time":"1984-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":452217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The use of cimetidine, an H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -receptor antagonist, to minimize the complications of acid aspiration pneumonia is reviewed. Since Mendelson's early description of acid aspiration in 66 obstetrical patients, attempts have been made to decrease gastric acidity by administering perioperative antacids and\/or antihistamine drugs such as atropine and glycopyrrolate. In this review of the literature, strict attention is given to study design and subject selection, methods of collecting gastric samples and reporting both pH and volume measurements, and medications taken on admission, given preoperatively, and as anesthetics. Clinical trials evaluating cimetidine alone and compared with other prophylactic regimens were reviewed, detailing the timing, route, and frequency of drug administration. Cimetidine appears to be effective in minimizing complications of acid aspiration since gastric acidity (pH &lt; 2.5) is a contributing factor in both the morbidity and mortality of this disease state. In general terms, cimetidine 300 mg po 1.5\u20132.0 h prior to intubation or 45\u201360 minutes iv before surgery will decrease gastric acidity below the critical level. This effect may be maintained for up to three hours. Perioperative cimetidine administration, to minimize the complications of acid aspiration, appears to be safe in terms of drug-drug interactions and effects on labor, the fetus, and the newborn child.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/106002808401800504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T11:14:11Z","timestamp":1462965251000},"page":"382-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cimetidine in Anesthesia: Does it Minimize the Complications of Acid Aspiration?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Steven F.","family":"Kowalsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-106002808401800504","unstructured":"Package insert. Cimetidine. Smith Kline & French Labs., Philadelphia, PA, 1981."},{"key":"bibr2-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6090.795"},{"key":"bibr3-106002808401800504","unstructured":"Multicentre trial: treatment of gastric ulcer by cimetidine. In: Burland WL, Simkins MA, eds. Cimetidine. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1977: 260."},{"key":"bibr4-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90774-6"},{"key":"bibr5-106002808401800504","unstructured":"Bader JP, Morin T, Bernier JJ,  Treatment of gastric ulcer by cimetidine: a multicenter trial. International Congress Series No. 416. Excerpta Medica, 1976: 287\u201392."},{"key":"bibr6-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90778-3"},{"key":"bibr7-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90133-6"},{"key":"bibr8-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01345293"},{"key":"bibr9-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91802-0"},{"key":"bibr10-106002808401800504","first-page":"620","volume":"86","author":"McElwee HP","year":"1979","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"bibr11-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92055-4"},{"key":"bibr12-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90228-7"},{"key":"bibr13-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(81)90191-4"},{"key":"bibr14-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002807901301002"},{"key":"bibr15-106002808401800504","first-page":"1462","volume":"37","author":"Lafrate RP","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr16-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105213042108"},{"key":"bibr17-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105213042109"},{"key":"bibr18-106002808401800504","first-page":"51","volume":"28","author":"Teabeaut JR","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr19-106002808401800504","first-page":"232","volume":"60","author":"Awe WC","year":"1966","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"bibr20-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1971.01350080251040"},{"key":"bibr21-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196907000-00009"},{"key":"bibr22-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1973.01350130051011"},{"key":"bibr23-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.68.4.560"},{"key":"bibr24-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-87-4-466"},{"key":"bibr25-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195103000-00001"},{"key":"bibr26-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195411000-00007"},{"key":"bibr27-106002808401800504","first-page":"227","volume":"27","author":"Gardner AMN","year":"1958","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"bibr28-106002808401800504","first-page":"68","volume":"136","author":"Cameron JL","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"bibr29-106002808401800504","first-page":"126","volume":"3","author":"Amberson JB","year":"1937","journal-title":"Int Clin"},{"key":"bibr30-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196203000-00012"},{"key":"bibr31-106002808401800504","first-page":"347","volume":"45","author":"Dines DE","year":"1970","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"bibr32-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03190350034009"},{"key":"bibr33-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65714-1"},{"key":"bibr34-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1956.tb07975.x"},{"key":"bibr35-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)39829-5"},{"key":"bibr36-106002808401800504","first-page":"728","volume":"114","author":"Hall CC","year":"1940","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bibr37-106002808401800504","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Security. Tomkinson J, Turn-Bull A, Robson G, Cloake E, Adelstein AM, Weatherall J., eds. Report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in England and Wales (1970\u201372). Deaths associated with anaesthesia. London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1979: 66\u201372."},{"key":"bibr38-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1964.tb00423.x"},{"key":"bibr39-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/35.4.250"},{"key":"bibr40-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X7500300304"},{"key":"bibr41-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/47.5.615"},{"key":"bibr42-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/46.2.127"},{"key":"bibr43-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.17.3.244"},{"key":"bibr44-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-67-1-68"},{"key":"bibr45-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196805000-00012"},{"key":"bibr46-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196501000-00007"},{"key":"bibr47-106002808401800504","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Cimetidine","author":"Dobb G","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr48-106002808401800504","first-page":"47","volume":"6","author":"Scott DB","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"bibr49-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/50.12.1247"},{"key":"bibr50-106002808401800504","first-page":"675","volume":"57","author":"Stoeling RK","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"bibr51-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1978.tb08492.x"},{"key":"bibr52-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197905000-00005"},{"key":"bibr53-106002808401800504","first-page":"391","volume":"8","author":"Dundee JW","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc BPS"},{"key":"bibr54-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197907000-00010"},{"key":"bibr55-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197909000-00022"},{"key":"bibr56-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197909000-00016"},{"key":"bibr57-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howe JP, Moore J, McCaughey W, Dundee JW. Effect of cimetidine in reducing intragastric acidity in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. In: Torsoli A, Lucchelli PE, Brimblecombe RW, eds. European Symposium on H\n                      2\n                      -Receptor Antagonists. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1980: 174\u201384.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08718.x"},{"key":"bibr58-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197910000-00018"},{"key":"bibr59-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197911000-00015"},{"key":"bibr60-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/51.10.967"},{"key":"bibr61-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1980.tb01499.x"},{"key":"bibr62-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1980.tb01505.x"},{"key":"bibr63-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1980.tb03742.x"},{"key":"bibr64-106002808401800504","first-page":"205","volume":"87","author":"Toung T","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"bibr65-106002808401800504","first-page":"465","volume":"1","author":"Cimetidine and the acid-aspiration syndrome.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr66-106002808401800504","first-page":"421","volume":"35","author":"Howe JP","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"bibr67-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb05004.x"},{"key":"bibr68-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8000800414"},{"key":"bibr69-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198101000-00010"},{"key":"bibr70-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03007286"},{"key":"bibr71-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03007287"},{"key":"bibr72-106002808401800504","first-page":"52","volume":"49","author":"Hardesty GA","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Nurse Anesth"},{"key":"bibr73-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08718.x"},{"key":"bibr74-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb10343.x"},{"key":"bibr75-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90495-5"},{"key":"bibr76-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198111000-00009"},{"key":"bibr77-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1982.tb00989.x"},{"key":"bibr78-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1982.tb00990.x"},{"key":"bibr79-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(82)80094-2"},{"key":"bibr80-106002808401800504","first-page":"714","volume-title":"Gastrointestinal disease","author":"Isenberg JI","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr81-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197901000-00001"},{"key":"bibr82-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90766-7"},{"key":"bibr83-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90771-0"},{"key":"bibr84-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80090-X"},{"key":"bibr85-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604082941502"},{"key":"bibr86-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90924-3"},{"key":"bibr87-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00544602"},{"key":"bibr88-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90933-8"},{"key":"bibr89-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(79)80071-2"},{"key":"bibr90-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198208123070703"},{"key":"bibr91-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00892.x"},{"key":"bibr92-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00563098"},{"key":"bibr93-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01084.x"},{"key":"bibr94-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90762-X"},{"key":"bibr95-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb10240.x"},{"key":"bibr96-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198207010-00002"},{"key":"bibr97-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-2-266"},{"key":"bibr98-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00874666"},{"key":"bibr99-106002808401800504","first-page":"1365","volume":"38","author":"Ruffalo RL","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr100-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92104-4"},{"key":"bibr101-106002808401800504","first-page":"633","volume":"14","author":"Dasta J","year":"1980","journal-title":"Drug Intell Clin Pharm"},{"key":"bibr102-106002808401800504","first-page":"1212","volume":"125","author":"Mojaverian P","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"bibr103-106002808401800504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1982.33","volume":"31","author":"Mojaverian P","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/106002808401800504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/106002808401800504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:02:20Z","timestamp":1777374140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/106002808401800504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,5]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/106002808401800504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/106002808401800504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-6578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-6578","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,5]]}}}