{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:56:53Z","timestamp":1777417013203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,12,1]],"date-time":"1985-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":502243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alpha interferons are biological response modifiers that regulate immune function, slow cell proliferation, and inhibit virus replication. Large supplies of purified preparations are now available for clinical trials. Common toxicity includes an influenza-like syndrome to which tolerance occurs after several doses, and chronic fatigue and anorexia that may be dose-limiting. Myelosuppression is mild. Alpha interferons have established clinical activity against several human cancers, including melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and renal cell carcinoma. These data and alpha interferon nomenclature are summarized in table form. Intranasal alpha interferon is effective in prophylaxis of common viral upper respiratory tract infections, although toxicity in long-term use is prohibitive. Short-term administration to high risk populations may be most useful. Optimal doses and schedules need to be determined for all indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/106002808501901201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T05:06:24Z","timestamp":1512450384000},"page":"887-893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The New Alpha Interferons"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Carol McManus","family":"Balmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald C.","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Editor, DICP, Cincinnati, OH 45242."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1984.2.4.336"},{"key":"bibr2-106002808501901201","first-page":"20","volume":"2","author":"HOUGLUM JE","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"bibr3-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198223010-00002"},{"key":"bibr4-106002808501901201","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Cancer of the kidney.","author":"OLVER IN","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr5-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330190025025"},{"key":"bibr6-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-1-80"},{"key":"bibr7-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1984.101"},{"key":"bibr8-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-5-549"},{"key":"bibr9-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1985.16"},{"key":"bibr10-106002808501901201","first-page":"3599","volume":"44","author":"SUMPIO BE","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr11-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.2.335"},{"key":"bibr12-106002808501901201","first-page":"1057","volume":"68","author":"MARTINO S.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"bibr13-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1984.2.9.1012"},{"key":"bibr14-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257123"},{"key":"bibr15-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198401123100219"},{"key":"bibr16-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350070056026"},{"key":"bibr17-106002808501901201","first-page":"315","volume":"69","author":"MIRRO J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"bibr18-106002808501901201","first-page":"723","volume":"68","author":"KROWN SE","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"bibr19-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00552722"},{"key":"bibr20-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198401053100107"},{"key":"bibr21-106002808501901201","first-page":"232","volume":"4","author":"DAVIDSON HS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr22-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411083111919"},{"key":"bibr23-106002808501901201","first-page":"210","volume":"2","author":"LEVINE M","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"bibr24-106002808501901201","first-page":"211","volume":"2","author":"BAUMAN JH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"bibr25-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07937-1","volume":"10","author":"PARKINSON A","year":"1982","journal-title":"Drug Metab Disp"},{"key":"bibr26-106002808501901201","first-page":"420a","volume":"32","author":"MUGHAL TI","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"bibr27-106002808501901201","first-page":"56","volume":"3","author":"LIPTON A","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr28-106002808501901201","first-page":"218","volume":"4","author":"CARMICHAEL J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr29-106002808501901201","first-page":"220","volume":"4","author":"WELANDER CE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr30-106002808501901201","first-page":"216","volume":"4","author":"COOPER MR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr31-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1984.2.9.1002"},{"key":"bibr32-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841215)54:12<2844::AID-CNCR2820541205>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"bibr33-106002808501901201","first-page":"47","volume":"3","author":"THOMPSON DB","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr34-106002808501901201","first-page":"60","volume":"3","author":"ROBINSON WA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr35-106002808501901201","first-page":"60","volume":"11","author":"VOLBERDING P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr36-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305053081806"},{"key":"bibr37-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-5-671"},{"key":"bibr38-106002808501901201","first-page":"51","volume":"3","author":"MITSUYASU R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr39-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1985.3.4.506"},{"key":"bibr40-106002808501901201","first-page":"242","volume":"2","author":"BJORKHOLM M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr41-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90097-4"},{"key":"bibr42-106002808501901201","first-page":"46","volume":"2","author":"COSTANZI J","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr43-106002808501901201","first-page":"215","volume":"4","author":"OKEN MM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr44-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411013111803"},{"key":"bibr45-106002808501901201","first-page":"215","volume":"2","author":"OZER H","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr46-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-4-484"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr47-106002808501901201","first-page":"507","volume":"11","author":"QUESADA JR","year":"1984","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr48-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198401053100104"},{"key":"bibr49-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V65.3.644.644"},{"key":"bibr50-106002808501901201","first-page":"225","volume":"4","author":"GOLOMB H","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr51-106002808501901201","first-page":"222","volume":"4","author":"QUESADA JR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr52-106002808501901201","first-page":"168","volume":"4","author":"JACOBS AD","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr53-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51686-9"},{"key":"bibr54-106002808501901201","first-page":"863","volume":"45","author":"KIRKWOOD JM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr55-106002808501901201","first-page":"58","volume":"2","author":"KROWN SE","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr56-106002808501901201","first-page":"4140","volume":"44","author":"NEIDHART JA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr57-106002808501901201","first-page":"59","volume":"3","author":"KEMPF RA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr58-106002808501901201","first-page":"153","volume":"3","author":"TRUMP D","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr59-106002808501901201","first-page":"153","volume":"3","author":"VUGRIN D","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr60-106002808501901201","first-page":"60","volume":"3","author":"NIEDHART J","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr61-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200102"},{"key":"bibr62-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988409200403"},{"key":"bibr63-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/4.Supplement_4.S829"},{"key":"bibr64-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.4.612"},{"key":"bibr65-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348309155812"},{"key":"bibr66-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.26.1.31"},{"key":"bibr67-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.3.535"},{"key":"bibr68-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.2.181"},{"key":"bibr69-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.2.174"},{"key":"bibr70-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.3.543"},{"key":"bibr71-106002808501901201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841201)54:2+<2770::AID-CNCR2820541425>3.0.CO;2-0"}],"container-title":["Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/106002808501901201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/106002808501901201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:03:06Z","timestamp":1777374186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/106002808501901201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/106002808501901201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/106002808501901201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-6578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-6578","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]}}}