{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:11:29Z","timestamp":1777417889491,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]],"date-time":"1992-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":715305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the new macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin with erythromycin in terms of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA IDENTIFICATION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An English-language literature search employing MEDLINE (1987\u201391), Index Medicus (1987\u201391), Program and Abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1990), Program and Abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1991), and bibliographic reviews of related textbooks and review articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-five articles were selected. Clinical trials with clarithromycin have been limited, and emphasis was placed on trials reported in the Program and Abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and Program and Abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were assessed for study quality and specific information addressing the stated purpose. In articles reporting the results of clinical trials, emphasis was placed on comparative efficacy and toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of 24 human trials suggests that clarithromycin is equally effective as erythromycin, penicillin VK, ampicillin, or amoxicillin for treatment of a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract or skin infections. Clarithromycin also appears to be better tolerated than these agents, with a lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects. Limited clinical studies in patients with Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium aviumintracellulare complex (MAI) suggest that clarithromycin may prove to be efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of these infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clarithromycin is as effective in vivo as erythromycin, with less gastrointestinal irritation. Additionally, clarithromycin appears to expand the traditional spectrum of macrolide antibiotics, with promising activity against M. leprae and MAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809202600912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]],"date-time":"2017-01-12T06:35:00Z","timestamp":1484202900000},"page":"1099-1108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Clarithromycin: Review of a New Macrolide Antibiotic with Improved Microbiologic Spectrum and Favorable Pharmacokinetic and Adverse Effect Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marc G.","family":"Sturgill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/27.suppl_A.1"},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60219-5"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-1751(87)90002-5"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01968151"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.37.187"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02137246"},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00394a001"},{"key":"bibr-bibr8-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.26.6.863"},{"key":"bibr-bibr9-106002809202600912","first-page":"G320","volume":"11","author":"Itoh Z","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr10-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/22.6.923"},{"key":"bibr-bibr11-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-744250-1.50016-0"},{"key":"bibr-bibr12-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-46304-4_26"},{"key":"bibr-bibr13-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Franklin TJ, Snow GA. 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Antibacterial activity of N-demethyl and 14-OH metabolites of A-56268 (TE-031) (abstract 408). In: Program and abstracts of the 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. New Orleans, 1986."},{"key":"bibr-bibr32-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/27.2.161"},{"key":"bibr-bibr33-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.12.1758"},{"key":"bibr-bibr34-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.9.1614"},{"key":"bibr-bibr35-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Inderlied CB, Sandoval FG, Young LS. In vitro activity of clarithromycin (CLARI) and 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin against the\n                      Mycobacterium avium\n                      complex (MAC) alone and in combination with other agents (abstract 239). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 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Clarithromycin and its 14-OH-metabolite. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in humans (abstract 512). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr59-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.42.1433"},{"key":"bibr-bibr60-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.41.966"},{"key":"bibr-bibr61-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Chu SY, Sennello LT, Bunnell ST. Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin in subjects with varying renal function (abstract 514). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 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Treatment of community acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial comparing clarithromycin (CM) and erythromycin (ER) (abstract 872). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr71-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Northcutt VJ, Craft JC, Pichotta P. Safety and efficacy of clarithromycin (C) compared to erythromycin (E) in the treatment (tx) of bacterial skin or skin structure infections (SSSIs) (abstract 1339). In: Program and abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Atlanta, 1990."},{"key":"bibr-bibr72-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Millikan L, Coleman E, Bopp B, Northcutt VJ. Safety and efficacy of clarithromycin (C) compared to cefadroxil (CEF) in the treatment of mild to moderate bacterial skin or skin structure infections (SSSIs) (abstract 1340). In: Program and abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Atlanta, 1990."},{"key":"bibr-bibr73-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Klemens SP, Destefano MS, Cynamon MH. Clarithromycin in combination with other agents against\n                      M. avium\n                      complex (MAC) in beige mice (abstract 292). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr74-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Lindholm-Levy PJ. Clarithromycin and temafloxacin: combination effects with other agents against\n                      M. avium\n                      in vitro (abstract 676). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr75-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.3_Pt_1.564"},{"key":"bibr-bibr76-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Saint-Marc T, Touraine JL. Clinical experience with a combination of clarithromycin and clofaximine in the treatment of disseminated\n                      M. avium\n                      infections in AIDS (abstract 237). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr77-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Dautzenberg B, Saint-Marc T, Averous V, Routkovky-Norval C, Breux JP, Kristetter M, Clarithromycin-containing regimens in the treatment of 54 AIDS patients with disseminated\n                      Mycobacterium avium-interacellulare\n                      infection (abstract 293). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr78-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Jamet P, Ji B, Bobin P, Grosset JH. Powerful bactericidal activities of clarithromycin and\/or minocycline against\n                      M. leprae\n                      in man (abstract 970). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr79-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Polis MA, Haneiwich S, Kovacs JA, Davey RT, Walker RE, Falloon J, Dose escalation study to determine the safety, maximally tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin (clari) with zidovudine (zdv) in HIV-infected persons (abstract 238). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr80-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32700-X","volume":"218","author":"Danan G","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr-bibr81-106002809202600912","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Progress in drug metabolism","author":"Babany G","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr-bibr82-106002809202600912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22274-1","volume":"250","author":"Tinel M","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr-bibr83-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Richens A, Chu SY, Sennello LT, Sonders RC. Effect of multiple doses of clarithromycin (C) on the pharmacokinetics (pks) of carbamazepine (Carb) (abstract 760). In: Program and abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Atlanta, 1990."},{"key":"bibr-bibr84-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Ruff F, Chu SY, Sonders RC, Sennello LT. Effect of multiple doses of clarithromycin (C) on the pharmacokinetics (pks) of theophylline (T) (abstract 761). In: Program and abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Atlanta, 1990."},{"key":"bibr-bibr85-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Janousky S, Northcutt VJ, Craft JC. Comparative safety and efficacy of clarithromycin and reference suspensions in the treatment of children with mild to moderate skin or skin structure infections (abstract 870). In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 1991."},{"key":"bibr-bibr86-106002809202600912","unstructured":"Janousky S, Northcutt VJ, Craft JC. Comparative safety and efficacy of clarithromycin and penicillin V suspensions in the treatment of children with streptococcal pharyngitis (abstract 871). 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