{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T18:43:58Z","timestamp":1789411438441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]],"date-time":"1992-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":717897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the current published clinical studies evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of lactulose compared with other laxatives or placebo. Adverse effects associated with lactulose are also reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information was retrieved by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for clinical trials, abstracts, conference proceedings, and review articles dealing with lactulose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emphasis was placed on clinical trials where lactulose was compared with other laxatives or placebo in patient populations where the diagnosis of constipation was reasonably established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The methodology and results from clinical studies were evaluated. Assessment of the studies was made based on diagnosis of constipation, prior management of patients, follow-up of patients, dosage, and adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trials in geriatric patients, terminally ill patients, children, and normal and constipated subjects were reviewed. In most instances, lactulose was compared with a placebo, without incorporating the current education on dietary techniques for improving defecation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generally, clinical trials have demonstrated a beneficial response compared with placebo, although sometimes that response has been only marginally better, from a clinical point of view.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809202601017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T09:02:09Z","timestamp":1484125329000},"page":"1277-1282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Lactulose in the Management of Constipation: A Current Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Theresa V.","family":"Kot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngaire A.","family":"Pettit-Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-106002809202601017","unstructured":"Drug Information Centre. Management of constipation. Nedlands, Australia: Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Pharmacy Department, 1988; 7(5):1\u20134."},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr-bibr2-106002809202601017","first-page":"69","volume":"27","author":"Barnes PRH","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr Ther"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-106002809202601017","first-page":"303","volume":"80","author":"Tedesco FJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-106002809202601017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1988.11700207"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-106002809202601017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30735-3"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-106002809202601017","unstructured":"McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS drug information 91. 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