{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:43:00Z","timestamp":1777491780767,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An integrated multidisciplinary approach to aerospace design is presented as a means of improving the present state of the art towards a more effective concurrent methodology empowered by costing tools. Only the most influential drivers are identified and structured into a preliminary costing framework that supports decision making upfront in the design process. The research addressed a range of fundamental aerospace issues in developing key Cost Estimating Relations (CERs), conceming concept design, detailed design, and fitness for purpose. The resulting methodology and costing tools facilitate the sharing and utilization of information in order to best satisfy the ultimate design objective, rather than being limited to only one parameter driving the process at any one or more stages. Relevant data and knowledge were collected from industry, and a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code was utilized along with a program to predict aircraft Direct Operating Cost (DOC). Notably, it was found that general complexity and both recurring and non-recurring costs were reduced at the conceptual stage; tolerances and design detail were better allocated to reduce non-conformities and recurring costs; and performance requirements were assessed in the light of aircraft DOC in order to improve ultimate competitiveness. However, most significantly, it is shown that a practical concurrent approach can be enabled with supportive costing tools that improve the designers' ability to make more holistic decisions upfront in the design process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x0100900408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T03:12:07Z","timestamp":1173582727000},"page":"327-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Costing Tools for Decision Making within Integrated Aerospace Design"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Curran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautical Engineering, David Keir Building,\rQueens University Belfast, BT9 SAG, UK"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautical Engineering, David Keir Building,\rQueens University Belfast, BT9 SAG, UK"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Raghunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautical Engineering, David Keir Building,\rQueens University Belfast, BT9 SAG, UK"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Eakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bombardier Aerospace-Shorts, Airport Road, Belfast,\rUK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"atypb1","first-page":"307","volume":"8","author":"Fan, I.S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising. 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