{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:40:18Z","timestamp":1777491618657,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) defines the work scope of a project. The way a WBS is defined depends on the person and his\/her viewpoint. The aircraft modification business carries out a great variety of projects. Although the core skills and tasks are similar, there are very few projects that are exact repetition of previous work. The reuse of information is difficult without a good structure to archive and manage project information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This paper presents an integrated WBS approach for managing the work scope in aircraft modification projects. The model is the result of an in-depth study and analysis of the working methods in an aircraft modification industrial company. This WBS is designed to incorporate the information needs and the views of the different functions involved in aircraft modification. It provides the structure for the reuse of information, such as cost and schedules, in the diverse range of aircraft modification projects. In this model, the top tiers of the WBS are configured from a pre-defined industry specific template. The lower tiers are defined with a flexible structure to support the different views of the knowledge users and providers in the project. The information need for all the life stages of the project is fully covered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The integrated WBS is being implemented in an enterprise wide computing solution that is used for cost estimating in the collaborating company. The same approach could be used to enhance knowledge reuse where there is a great diversity in project contracts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x03011001005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,9]],"date-time":"2003-07-09T17:46:40Z","timestamp":1057772800000},"page":"47-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Work Breakdown Structure that Integrates Different Views in Aircraft                Modification Projects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J. M.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fornieles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enterprise Integration, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire,                        MK43 0AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. -S.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enterprise Integration, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire,                        MK43 0AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enterprise Integration, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire,                        MK43 0AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enterprise Integration, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire,                        MK43 0AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sehdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enterprise Integration, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire,                        MK43 0AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"1. Jackman, F. (2001). MRO Must Ride a Rough Market, Overhaul and Maintenance - The Aviation Week Magazine for MRO Management, McGraw-Hill, New York ."},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"2. Tripp, E.G. (2000). The Aircraft Life-extension and Improvement Business, Overhaul and Maintenance - The Aviation Week Magazine for MRO Management, McGraw-Hill, New York ."},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"3. Garc\u00eda-Fornieles, J.M. and Fan, I.S.et al. (1999). Practical Considerations in Aircraft Modification and its Impact in Cost Estimation , In: Bramley, A.N.et al. (ed.), 15th National Conference on Manufacturing Research (NCMR), pp. 337-341 , Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd., Bath."},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"4. P\u00e9rez, A. and Garc\u00eda-Fornieles, J.M.et al. (2000). The Development of Manufacturing Cost-estimation Processes for Aerospace Modification , In: Perryman, R. and Ellis, C.D. (eds), 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research (NCMR), pp. 415-419 , Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd., London."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Fan, I.S. and Garc\u00eda-Fornieles, J.M.et al. (2000). Re-engineering of the Bid Preparation Process in an Aircraft Modification Business, In: Ghodous, P. and Vandorpe, D. (eds), Advances in Concurrent Engineering - CE2000, pp. 13-22, Technomic Publishing Company, Inc., Lancaster, PA .","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003423508-3"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"6. Morris, P.W.G. (1994). The Management of Projects, Thomas Telford Services Ltd, London ."},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"7. Military Work Breakdown Structure for Defense Material Items, MIL-STD 881A, U.S. Department of Defense, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC., April 25, 1975."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7863(94)90032-9"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"9. Russell, A.D. (1992). Managing High Technology Programs and Projects, 2nd Edn., John Wiley and Sons, Inc."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"10. Harrison, F.L. (1992). Advanced Project Management - A Structured Approach, 3rd Edn., Gower Publishing Company Ltd."},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"11. Kliem, R.L. and Ludin, I.S. (1992). The People Side of Project Management, Gower Publishing ."},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"12. De Souza, A.A. (1995). Developing a Knowledge-based Decision Support System to Aid Make-to-order Companies in Cost Estimation, and Pricing Decisions, PhD Thesis, Management Science, Lancaster University."}],"container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1063293X03011001005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1063293X03011001005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:49:52Z","timestamp":1777387792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1063293X03011001005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1063293X03011001005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1063293x03011001005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-293X","1531-2003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-293X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-2003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}}}