{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:25:40Z","timestamp":1777490740571,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The successful application of concurrent engineering in industry should be based on the effective organization of different activities, from design to marketing. However the dynamics of the environment has raised the following question: what model can be applied for concurrent engineering? This paper presents three models for concurrent engineering organizations. The models are based on the concept of autonomous design units, which are formed using the fractals characteristics: self-similarity, self-organization, and dynamic. These models allow one to reorganize the design process and to understand the dynamics of the concurrent engineering organization. The application taken from the French automotive industry shows the characteristics of these models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x03039921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T19:33:37Z","timestamp":1082576017000},"page":"249-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Fractal-Based Approach for Concurrent Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Ostrosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Ferney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Garro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Belfort\u2013Montb\u00e9liard, Laboratoire de Recherche Mecatronique3M, 90010 Belfort                        Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Ha, A. and Porteus, E. (1998). Optimal Timing of Reviews in Concurrent Design for Manufacturability , Management Science, 41: 1431\u20131447 .","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.41.9.1431"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Kusiak, A. and Wang, J. (1983). Efficient Organizing of Design Activities , Int. J. Prod Res., 31: 753\u2013769 .","DOI":"10.1080\/00207549308956755"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"3. Kusiak, A. and Wang, J. (1993). Qualitative Analysis of the Design Process, Intelligent Concurrent Designs: Fundamentals , Methodology, Modeling and Practice, ASME, DE, 66: 21\u201332 ."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2919255"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/095448299261290"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"6. Mutel, B. and Ostrosi, E. (1997). An Approach for Structuring of Production Systems into Autonomous Working Units , 2nd International Congress Industrial Engineering in a World without Borders, Albi, France."},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"7. Prasad, B. (1996). Concurrent Engineering Fundamentals: Integrated Product and Process Organization, p. 1-1, Prentice Hall, NJ, USA ."},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"8. Prasad, B. (1997). Concurrent Engineering Fundamentals: Integrated Product and Process Organization, p. 2-2, Prentice Hall, NJ, USA ."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09544820050034213"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/095448298261589"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"11. Decreuze, C., Ferney, M., Feschotte, D., Jacobe, P. and Zerhouni, S.N. (1996). 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Hoffherr, G.D.Moran, J.W. and Nadler, G. (1994). Breakthrough Thinking in Total Quality Management, Industrial Engineering and Management Press, Norcross, GA . PTR Prentice Hall. Institute of Industrial Engineers, and Englewood, Cliffs, NJ ."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"18. Taguchi, G. and Clausing, D.P. (1990). Robust Quality , Harvard Business Review, 68: 65\u201367 ."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Warnecke, H.J. (1993). The Fractal Company, Springer-Verlag, Berlin .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78124-7"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"20. Ferney, M. et al. (1993). Concurrent Engineering and Integration, Project DESTIN MRE 92.P.0216, ENI Belfort, France."},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Lawson, M. and Karandikar, H. (1994). A Survey of Concurrent Engineering , CERA Journal, 2: 1\u20136 .","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X9400200101"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Singh, N. 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