{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:25:36Z","timestamp":1777490736296,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In product development, it is common for concurrent design tasks to be coupled, and, because of complex information flows, to iterate several times before the entire product development process is completed, leading to delays in product launches and cost overruns. Furthermore, unexpected disturbances may destabilize the entire product development process. A generalized homogeneous and non-homogeneous state-space concept is proposed to model concurrent, coupled design tasks and to analyze and control the stability and convergence rate of the design tasks. The homogeneous analysis predicts the number of design iterations before the design tasks are completed and identifies those tasks that consume a disproportionate amount of resources and time to complete. The non-homogeneous analysis precisely monitors and controls the stability and the convergence rate of the concurrent design tasks through state feedback control. A case study of a camera design is discussed to illustrate how the convergence rate of the tasks can be improved and initial instability of tasks is managed. The proposed methodology can facilitate workload distribution and resource allocation in design task planning and management in the face of unexpected disturbances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x04041941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T19:33:37Z","timestamp":1082576017000},"page":"59-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Control and Monitoring of Concurrent Design Tasks in a Dynamic Environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"S. G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical & Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical & Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. P.","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical & Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01588087"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"2. Osborne, S.M. (1993). Product Development Cycle Time Characterization through Modeling of Process Iteration, Master Thesis, MIT."},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"3. Prasad, B. (1996). Concurrent Engineering Fundamentals, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR ."},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"4. Lawler, E. (1976). Combinatorial Optimization: Networks and Matroids, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston ."},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"5. Krajewski, L.J. and Ritzman, L.P. (1996). Operations Management \u2013 Strategy and Analysis, 4th edn, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley ."},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"6. Marca, D.A. and McGowan, C.L. (1988). SADT: Structured Analysis and Design Technique, New York: McGraw Hill ."},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/17.387271"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"8. Peterson, J.L. (1981). Petri Net Theory and the Modeling of Systems, N. Jersey: Prentice-Hall ."},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"9. Steward, D.V. (1981). System Analysis and Management: Structure, Strategy and Design, New York: Petrocelli Books ."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.43.3.276"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"11. McDaniel, C.D. (1996). A Linear Systems Framework for Analyzing the Automotive Appearance Design Process, Master\u2019s Thesis (Mgmt.\/EE), Massachusetts: MIT."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Yassine, A., Joglekar, N., Braha, D., Eppinger, S. and Whitney, D. (2002). Information Hiding in Product Development: The Design Churn Effect, Working Paper 4333-02, MIT Sloan School of Management .","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.298248"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/17.946528"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01616691"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0954482031000091527"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"16. Ong, K.L., Lee, S.G. and Khoo, L.P. (2003). Modelling and Controlling Coupled, Concurrent Design Tasks Subjected to External Influences , 14th International Conference on Engineering Design, Stockholm, 19\u201321 August."},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"17. Bay, J.S. (1999). Fundamentals of Linear State Space Systems, Singapore: McGraw Hill ."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"18. Mahmoud, M.S. and Singh, M.G. (1984). Discrete Systems: Analysis, Control and Optimization, Berlin: Springer-Verlag ."},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"19. Ogata, K. (1987). Discrete-Time Control Systems, New Jersey: Prentice Hall ."}],"container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1063293X04041941","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1063293X04041941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:47:53Z","timestamp":1777387673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1063293X04041941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1063293X04041941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1063293x04041941","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-293X","1531-2003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-293X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-2003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}