{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:26:22Z","timestamp":1777490782753,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Requirement engineering (RE) process is becoming a key factor for the success of complex one-of-a-kind products. The RE process is commonly viewed as an early system engineering phase with a major bearing on response time, quality, and cost. This study reports on the knowledge acquisition and sharing for requirement engineering (KARE), approach for requirement specification of one-of-a-kind complex systems. The approach provides a generic view of key RE processes clustered into three groups of activities - requirements elicitation, analysis, and negotiation. The process is supported by a set of knowledge functions aimed at facilitating the requirement engineers in matching customer requirements to product characteristics. At the analysis stage, the customer requirements are transformed into product requirements, which can be compared to existing company knowledge, for example, previous products, technology platforms, and production capabilities. The specified product requirements are then interactively evaluated and negotiated against customer and supplier performance indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x05055003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]],"date-time":"2005-08-15T10:02:49Z","timestamp":1124100169000},"page":"171-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Knowledge-enriched Requirement Specification for One-of-a-kind Complex Systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Svetan","family":"Ratchev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and\r                        Management, University of Nottingham, UK,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kulwant S.","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and\r                        Management, University of Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmond","family":"Urwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and\r                        Management, University of Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Clausthal, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"System Engineering, Coping with Complexity","author":"Stevens, R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007660070005"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00010341"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01006412"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"The Tacit Dimension","author":"Polanyi, M.","year":"1967"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Objective Knowledge - An Evolutionary Approach","author":"Popper, K.R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques","author":"Kotonya, G.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007660050008"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Proceedings of AIAA Space Programs and Technologies Conference","author":"Hooks, I."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00010355"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/0954405021520049"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"An Introduction to Requirements Engineering","author":"Bray, I.K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3615(97)00094-8"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(00)00029-X"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"KARE, Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing for Requirement Engineering (KARE),\n                ESPRIT Project No. 28916, www.kare.org."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-7051(02)00027-8"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-024X(19980410)28:4<445::AID-SPE166>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002075499191599"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Knowledge Engineering and Management - 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