{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:26:22Z","timestamp":1777490782050,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Research for reduced lead time and cost in concurrent process development (CPD) becomes crucial in new work organizations. Today, the concurrent processes involve more and more activities and work groups which must be efficiently coordinated. In this article, the authors propose a framework for structuring concurrent activities in order to improve the global performance (lead time, workload, risks, etc.). Many research works aim at proposing methods for management and control of concurrent development activities, but these methods are often \u2018isolated\u2019 and specific to an activity. There is no global solution that covers the entire development process and the set of related management and organizational activities. In this article, the authors used the SEI\u2019s (Software Engineering Institute) CMM (Capability Maturity Model) as a guideline to define an approach for the management and the control of a set of concurrent development activities. According to the CMM levels, the proposed approach is decomposed into four improvement steps that direct the organization\u2019s focus to manage its organizational development process. The first step applies basic project management methods to decompose and to schedule a process into several work groups. The second step addresses activities such as controlling the size of the obtained work groups, and characterizing each actor in a group. In the third step, a model based on the work transformation matrix (WTM) is proposed for the performance estimation of an organization. The last level aims at continually optimizing the organizational processes. For this purpose, models for sequential and parallel execution of processes are proposed and compared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x05057113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]],"date-time":"2005-08-15T10:02:49Z","timestamp":1124100169000},"page":"241-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Managing and Organizing Concurrent Processes According to the CMM Levels"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN - CNRS UMR 7039),\r                        Universit\u00e9 Henri Poincar\u00e9, Nancy I, BP 239, 54506\r                        Vandoeuvre L\u00e8s Nancy cedex, France,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Idelmerfaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN - CNRS UMR 7039),\r                        Universit\u00e9 Henri Poincar\u00e9, Nancy I, BP 239, 54506\r                        Vandoeuvre L\u00e8s Nancy cedex, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN - CNRS UMR 7039),\r                        Universit\u00e9 Henri Poincar\u00e9, Nancy I, BP 239, 54506\r                        Vandoeuvre L\u00e8s Nancy cedex, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-8352(94)90048-5"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Concurrent Engineering Fundamentals, Volume 1: Integrated Product and Process Organization","author":"Prasad, B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(03)00052-1"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Browning, T.R. (1998). Modeling and Analyzing Cost, Schedule, and Performance\n                in Complex System Product Development, PhD Thesis, M.I.T., Cambridge."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00027-7"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference","author":"Safoutin, M.J."},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"The System Security Engineering - Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM), Version 2","author":"Carnegie Mellon University","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00004-7"},{"key":"atypb9","author":"Niazi, M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.1981.6448589"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X9900700202"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Conf. on Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications","author":"Zhao, J.M."},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Diaz, M., Vernadat, F. and Villemur, T. (1996). Specification et\n                r\u00e9alisation formelles de syst\u00e9mes coop\u00e9ratifs,\n                Ing\u00e9nieri\u00e9 des Protocoles, CFIP 96, pp. 357-376."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-8352(99)00021-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"atypb15","first-page":"430","volume":"11","author":"Pothen, A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"SIAM Journal of MAA"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S1064827595287997"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.43.8.1104"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.43.4.437"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X03038568"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problem in Manufacturing","author":"David, M."}],"container-title":["Concurrent Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1063293X05057113","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1063293X05057113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:48:00Z","timestamp":1777387680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1063293X05057113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1063293X05057113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1063293x05057113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-293X","1531-2003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-293X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-2003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}}}