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The results from these models provide the major inputs into a process-parameter-optimization technique, which is used to set the values for various process parameters. In developing these models, we integrated various concepts from process improvement frameworks, such as Define\u2013Measure\u2013Analyze\u2013Improve\u2013Control and Monitor\u2013Analyze\u2013Plan\u2013Execute\u2013Knowledge, with techniques from model-based engineering. After describing the approach, we demonstrate its use in an additive manufacturing process example.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x15591038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1435611912000},"page":"365-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A model-based approach to refine process parameters in smart manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Duck B","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}]},{"given":"Peter O","family":"Denno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}]},{"given":"Albert T","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1063293X15591038","volume-title":"A Relation between Context-Free Grammars and Meta Object Facility Metamodels","author":"Alanen M","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr2-1063293X15591038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2014.05.007"},{"key":"bibr3-1063293X15591038","first-page":"932","volume-title":"Proceedings of twenty third annual international solid freeform fabrication symposium\u2014an additive manufacturing conference","volume":"13","author":"Baumers M","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr4-1063293X15591038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-009-2104-x"},{"key":"bibr5-1063293X15591038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(77)81007-2"},{"key":"bibr6-1063293X15591038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2012.06.037"},{"key":"bibr7-1063293X15591038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans A, France R, Lano K, (1998) Developing the UML as a formal modelling notation. 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