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However, changes are propagated from component to components and from function to functions, leading to nonvalue development activities with extra costs and delays. These engineering changes may have harmful impacts on industrialization and manufacturing; they can drastically hinder efforts to ensure faster time-to-market. Research works currently seek to model, predict, analyze, and assess the impacts of engineering changes and their propagations. This article focuses on changes in a two-dimensional geometrical product model and proposes a new change prediction approach based on two steps. First, the dependencies between the parameters of structural components are identified through experiments. These dependencies are characterized qualitatively, quantitatively, and by formal equations. The changes are then propagated through the network of dependencies, and their consequences are computed. A geometric two-dimensional model of a bicycle is used to illustrate the approach. The results are discussed, and the main contributions of the approach are highlighted while further research paths are presented at the end of this article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293x17698192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T02:17:33Z","timestamp":1490753853000},"page":"174-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Change propagation prediction: A formal model for two-dimensional geometrical models of products"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quartz Laboratory, SUPMECA, Saint-Ouen, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Mechanical Modelling and Manufacturing (LA2MP), ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Leclaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quartz Laboratory, SUPMECA, Saint-Ouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Zolghadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quartz Laboratory, SUPMECA, Saint-Ouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Haddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mechanical Modelling and Manufacturing (LA2MP), ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr4-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2015.2491283"},{"key":"bibr5-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-010-0454-8"},{"key":"bibr6-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2011.2164082"},{"key":"bibr7-1063293X17698192","volume-title":"Product Development Performance: Strategy, Organization, and Management in the World Auto Industry","author":"Clark KB","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr8-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1765117"},{"key":"bibr9-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.800695.ch2"},{"key":"bibr10-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4485(00)00015-4"},{"key":"bibr11-1063293X17698192","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th international conference on conceptual structures (ICCS)","author":"Cox L","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr12-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2006.11.003"},{"key":"bibr13-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-003-0031-7"},{"key":"bibr14-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01588087"},{"key":"bibr15-1063293X17698192","volume-title":"DS 31: proceedings of ICED 03, the 14th international conference on engineering design","author":"Flanagan TL","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr16-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6858(2000)3:4<169::AID-SYS1>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"bibr17-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3149847"},{"key":"bibr18-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007397"},{"key":"bibr19-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2012.2203307"},{"key":"bibr20-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X13482473"},{"key":"bibr21-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01443579910244205"},{"key":"bibr22-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25931-2_47"},{"key":"bibr23-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-010-0097-y"},{"key":"bibr24-1063293X17698192","first-page":"231","volume-title":"DS 31: proceedings of ICED 03, the 14th international conference on engineering design","author":"Jarratt TAW","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr25-1063293X17698192","first-page":"62","volume-title":"DS 35: proceedings of ICED 05, the 15th international conference on engineering design","author":"Keller R","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr26-1063293X17698192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2013.6962536"},{"key":"bibr27-1063293X17698192","unstructured":"Kossiakoff A, Sweet WN (2003) Systems Engineering: Principles and Practice. 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