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Both patients, on antiretroviral therapy (ARV) for 28 (patient 1) and 54 (patient 2) weeks each, had secured viral immunosuppression, but immune restoration was realized by patient 1 only. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was diagnosed on the renal biopsy from patient 1 based on the clinicopathological profile and the presence of segmental glomerular and an interstitial lymphoplasmacytic and granulomatous reaction to Cryptococcus neoformans, with a predominance of capsule-deficient fungal forms. The renal biopsy from patient 2 demonstrated typical HIV-associated nephropathy with focal intratubular and interstitial C neoformans yeasts. Pediatric AIDS-associated renal disease must be expanded to include RC and cryptococcal IRIS, and the kidney must be included as a potential sentinel site of IRIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896910373923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]],"date-time":"2010-07-19T20:15:54Z","timestamp":1279570554000},"page":"386-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pediatric Renal Cryptococcosis: Novel Manifestations in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Era"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pratistadevi K.","family":"Ramdial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal & National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South 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