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Digital rectal examination identified a soft tumor with a smooth surface in the lower rectum. Pelvic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging detected a large cystic tumor measuring 8 cm in diameter in the retrorectal space of the pelvis. The border between the tumor and rectal wall, levator ani and vaginal wall was obscure. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was highly suggestive of carcinoma. Abdominoperineal resection was performed, and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as a neuroendocrine carcinoma based on immunohistochemical staining. No previous case has been reported with cystic growth of a neuroendocrine carcinoma in the retrorectal space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896913476738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T23:13:05Z","timestamp":1363216385000},"page":"271-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Unique Retrorectal Tumor With Neuroendocrine Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shun-ichi","family":"Misawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisanaga","family":"Horie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 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