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We experienced a rare case of amelanotic melanoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of the anal canal, occurring in a 68-year old woman. This tumor was characterized by a clear-cut radial growth phase and an invasive component composed of a diffuse small cells population positive for neuroendocrine markers with a focal but convincing co-expression of S100 protein. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of neuroendocrine differentiation in a primary melanoma of the anal cavity. Although anal melanoma with neuroendocrine differentiation is exceptional, clinical practitioners should be aware of its possibility at this site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896915573568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T22:47:59Z","timestamp":1424990879000},"page":"329-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anal Melanoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Ilardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danila","family":"Caroppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Varricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Oncologic Hospital, CROB, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Insabato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Mascolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1066896915573568","first-page":"739","volume":"5","author":"Mihajlovic M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"bibr2-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200194090-00009"},{"key":"bibr3-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.02.031"},{"key":"bibr4-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2007.02823.x","volume":"52","author":"Banerjee SS","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"bibr5-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02240.x"},{"key":"bibr6-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2324-85991000109"},{"key":"bibr7-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02550.x"},{"key":"bibr8-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.5187"},{"key":"bibr9-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00894.x"},{"key":"bibr10-1066896915573568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2009-0668-RAR.1"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1066896915573568","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1066896915573568","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1066896915573568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:20:28Z","timestamp":1777458028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1066896915573568"}},"subtitle":["Report of a Case"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1066896915573568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1066896915573568","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]]}}}