{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:25:13Z","timestamp":1787761513407,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Yolk sac tumor is a malignant germ cell tumor, which typically occurs in the gonads with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Among extragonadal sites, the liver is an uncommon location for primary pediatric yolk sac tumors. Other common hepatic tumors in this age group presenting with elevated serum AFP like hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma must be differentiated from yolk sac tumors for initiating appropriate treatment and accurate prognostication. Lung metastasis with refractoriness to chemotherapy is an extraordinary presentation that has never been documented in the literature. We report our experience with a 2-year-old female child initially misdiagnosed as hepatoblastoma. It was found that LIN28 positivity by immunohistochemistry aided in confirmation of the histopathological diagnosis of primary yolk sac tumor of the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969231157777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T02:23:05Z","timestamp":1680574985000},"page":"1618-1625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Primary Pediatric Yolk Sac Tumor of Liver With Lung Metastasis: An Unusual Presentation With Diagnosis Aided by LIN28 Immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-2047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mithraa Devi","family":"Sekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9652-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Immanuel","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I.I.M.S."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bheemanathi Hanuman","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pampa Ch","family":"Toi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnakumar","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Kayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9059382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"125","volume-title":"SEER Cancer statistics review","author":"Bernstein L","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bernstein L, Smith M, Liu L. Germ cell trophoblastic and other gonadal neoplasms ICCC X 1975\u20132004. In: Ries L, Melbert D, Krapcho M, eds. SEER Cancer statistics review. National Cancer Institute; 2007:125\u2013137."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00973340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197505)35:5<1453::AID-CNCR2820350533>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdf669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2350\/08-09-0521.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Liver pathology: an 1atlas and concise guide","author":"Suriawinata AA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suriawinata AA, Thung SN, editors. Liver pathology: an 1atlas and concise guide. 1st ed. Demos Medical Publishings; 2011.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Primary hepatic yolk sac tumor: a case report of a ruptured tumor in 22-month old boy","volume":"2","author":"Putra J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Putra J, Ornvold K, Suriawinata AA. Primary hepatic yolk sac tumor: a case report of a ruptured tumor in 22-month old boy. JSM \u0421lin Case Reports. 2014;2(1):1015.","journal-title":"JSM \u0421lin Case Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Yolk sac tumor of the liver","volume":"4","author":"Wakely Jr PE","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wakely Jr PE, Krummel TM, Johnson DE. Yolk sac tumor of the liver. Mod Pathol. 1991;4:121\u2013125.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-016-3922-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181ad25d5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2014.417"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.9.2534"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969231157777","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10668969231157777","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969231157777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:57:09Z","timestamp":1787759829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10668969231157777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10668969231157777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969231157777","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969231157777\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969231157777\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969231157777\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]}}}