{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:28:04Z","timestamp":1787646484703,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors without evidence of primary gonadal germ cell tumors. They account for 2%-5% of overall malignancies. EGCTs are often not clinically suspected, making them challenging for pathologists. In this retrospective observational study, we describe our institutional experience among EGCTs with clinicopathological correlation.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Materials and methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All patients diagnosed as EGCTs from January 2014 to April 2023 were collected. All relevant clinical data and serum markers were retrieved from hospital medical records. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The present study included a total of 56 patients; 34 (60%) men and 22 (40%) women with a men-to-women ratio of 1.5:1. Of them, 1 patient had congenital\/neonatal EGCTs, 21 patients had prepubertal EGCTs, and 34 had post-pubertal EGCTs. The common sites included are mediastinum (45%), sacrococcyx (18%), retroperitoneum (14%), and central nervous system (12%). The other rare sites were the vagina, liver, colon, and duodenum. The common germ cell tumor included mature teratoma (34%), mixed germ cell tumor (27%), seminoma\/germinoma (12%), pure yolk sac tumor (11%), immature teratoma (9%), mature teratoma with somatic tumor (5%), and embryonal carcinoma (2%). All histological diagnoses of germ cell tumors were confirmed with IHC markers like PLAP, CD117 (KIT), AFP, LIN28, CD30, and \u03b2-hCG. Pre and posttreatment serum tumor marker levels were available in 37 patients. All our treated patients had a decrease or normal tumor marker levels post-therapy.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In our study, a heterogeneous group of germ cell tumors was seen. Most of them were seen in post-pubertal adolescents and young adults. Early intervention by platinum-based combination chemotherapy in seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors has significantly improved the prognosis of malignant EGCTs similar to their germ cell counterparts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969231201413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T03:32:20Z","timestamp":1697686340000},"page":"865-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Experience with Clinicopathological Correlation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-2047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mithraa Devi","family":"Sekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9652-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Immanuel","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, A.I.I.M.S Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bheemanathi Hanuman","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Kayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00991-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-022-04009-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.1251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e31803240e6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00443094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.10321"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970815)80:4<681::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Primary germ cell tumors of the mediastinum: i. Analysis of 322 cases with special emphasis on teratomatous lesions and a proposal for histopathologic classification and clinical staging","volume":"80","author":"Moran CA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moran CA, Suster S. Primary germ cell tumors of the mediastinum: i. Analysis of 322 cases with special emphasis on teratomatous lesions and a proposal for histopathologic classification and clinical staging. Cancer: Interdiscip Int J Am Cancer Soc. 1997;80(4):681-690.","journal-title":"Cancer: Interdiscip Int J Am Cancer Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01245.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdf176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0884-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"406","article-title":"Occult malignancy in neonatal sacrococcygeal teratomas: a report from a combined pediatric oncology group and children\u2019s cancer group study","volume":"15","author":"Hawkins E","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hawkins E, Issacs H, Cushing B, Rogers P. Occult malignancy in neonatal sacrococcygeal teratomas: a report from a combined pediatric oncology group and children\u2019s cancer group study. J Pediatr Hematol\/Oncol. 1993;15(4):406-409.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol\/Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.3.221"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"466","article-title":"Concurrent mediastinal germ-cell tumour and haematological malignancy: case report and short review of literature","volume":"47","author":"Ikdahl T","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ikdahl T, Josefsen D, Jakobsen E, Delabie J, Foss\u00e5 SD. Concurrent mediastinal germ-cell tumour and haematological malignancy: case report and short review of literature. Actaoncologica. 2008;47(3):466-469.","journal-title":"Actaoncologica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.1125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199906)25:2<134::AID-GCC9>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"313","article-title":"A pathologic analysis of lesions following modern chemotherapy for metastatic germ-cell tumors","volume":"25","author":"Ulbright TM","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ulbright TM, Roth LM. A pathologic analysis of lesions following modern chemotherapy for metastatic germ-cell tumors. Pathol Annu. 1990;25:313-340.","journal-title":"Pathol Annu."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.2.594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolin DL Konstantinopoulos PA Campos SM et al. Vulvar yolk sac tumors are somatically derived SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 2022;46(2):169-178.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969231157777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilligan TD Seidenfeld J Basch EM et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline on uses of serum tumor markers in adult males with germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(20):3388-3404.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.4481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.10.2647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010401)91:7<1394::AID-CNCR1144>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2137"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969231201413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10668969231201413","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969231201413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:10:12Z","timestamp":1787645412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10668969231201413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10668969231201413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969231201413","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]}}}