{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:31:26Z","timestamp":1787646686607,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Context.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To determine the clinical-pathological features associated with cholesterol embolic renal disease, and review of literature.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Design.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This retrospective case series includes patients with cholesterol embolic renal disease (10 of 3087 kidney biopsies) who were diagnosed at Northwell Health, New York, between July 2017 and October 2022.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cholesterol embolic renal disease is a rare disease with a prevalence of 0.32%. Four of 10 patients had intravascular interventional radiology procedures within 6 months prior to kidney biopsy. Four patients had remote interventional radiology history (6 months to 4 years). Seven patients presented with acute kidney injury; 3 patients underwent renal biopsy due to proteinuria. The average baseline creatinine was 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2005mg\/dL; the creatinine at kidney biopsy and at follow-up was 4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0\u2005mg\/dL and 2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2005mg\/dL, respectively. Eight patients had elevated serum eosinophil counts. Three patients died (mortality rate 30%) in an average follow-up of 4 months (range: 1-10 months). One patient progressed to end-stage kidney disease. The presence of cholesterol clefts is a hallmark of atherosclerotic emboli. Cholesterol clefts were present on the specimen for light microscopy (H&amp;E and special stains) in 9 biopsies; 7 patients had cholesterol clefts in vascular lumens and\/or walls. Cholesterol clefts were present on semi-thin sections for electron microscopy examination in 4 biopsies. One patient had cholesterol clefts present in semi-thin sections only.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The clinical manifestation of cholesterol embolic renal disease in patients without recent intravascular interventional radiology history can be indolent but is associated with high mortality. Careful examination of all levels with light microscopy, including the perirenal tissue, and semi-thin sections can increase the detection rate of cholesterol embolic renal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969241261542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T22:32:02Z","timestamp":1721601122000},"page":"330-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cholesterol Embolic Renal Disease: Experience of a Large Healthcare System"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Swachi","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Nimkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nupur N.","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Bijol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell"},{"name":"Arkana Laboratories"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2162-7542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell"},{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.19809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_265_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978703801007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/hi.2006.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_382_18"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Atherosclerosis burden of the aortic valve and aorta and risk of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve implantation","volume":"9","author":"van Rosendael PJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Rosendael PJ, Kamperidis V, van der Kley F, et al. Atherosclerosis burden of the aortic valve and aorta and risk of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Cardiovasc Comput. 2015;9(2):129-138.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5688(03)91085-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62073-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-01158-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.31.20160100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Cholesterol Emboli","author":"Shah N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah N, Nagalli S. Cholesterol Emboli. StatPearls; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"Atheroembolic Kidney Disease","author":"Vaidya PN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaidya PN, Finnigan NA. Atheroembolic Kidney Disease. StatPearls; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","article-title":"Cholesterol crystals activate Syk and PI3 kinase in human macrophages and dendritic cells","author":"Corr EM","unstructured":"Corr EM, Cunningham CC, Dunne A. Cholesterol crystals activate Syk and PI3 kinase in human macrophages and dendritic cells. Atherosclerosis. 2016 Aug;251:197-205.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04516"},{"issue":"7306","key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals (vol. 464, 1357, 2010)","volume":"466","author":"Duewell P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duewell P, Kono H, Rayner KJ, et al. NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals (vol. 464, 1357, 2010). Nature. 2010;466(7306):1357-1361.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1281781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90013-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302010000500007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"327","article-title":"Cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE): improvement of renal function with high-dose corticosteroid treatment","volume":"22","author":"Desai M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Desai M, Ram R, Prayaga A, Dakshinamurty KV. Cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE): improvement of renal function with high-dose corticosteroid treatment. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2011;22(2):327-330.","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2011.560403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.02.336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.680991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joic.12483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.11.068"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969241261542","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10668969241261542","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969241261542","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:14:37Z","timestamp":1787645677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10668969241261542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10668969241261542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969241261542","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]}}}