{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:28:25Z","timestamp":1787646505282,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aims.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To assess the utility of C4d immunohistochemistry for esophageal pemphigus vulgaris.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods and results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We searched for patients with a history of esophageal pemphigus vulgaris who had esophageal biopsies for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. A total of 8 biopsies from 7 patients were available. We also identified 18 non-pemphigus esophageal biopsies for controls. C4d immunohistochemistry was performed on each biopsy. Five of 6 (83%) biopsies with classic pemphigus vulgaris histologic findings were positive for intercellular staining at the basal layer. The negative biopsy was in a patient that had recently received high-dose corticosteroid treatment for a flare. Two biopsies with atypical histologic features for pemphigus vulgaris had negative C4d staining but positive direct immunofluorescence (DIF) studies. Various nonspecific C4d staining patterns were observed in the controls, but none showed the intercellular staining pattern that was observed in pemphigus vulgaris.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Suprabasal clefting with acantholysis and \u201ctombstone effect\u201d are described histologic features of pemphigus vulgaris on H&amp;E. However, procedural artifact may mimic these findings. Currently, the gold standard for pemphigus vulgaris is DIF, which is not always available because it cannot routinely be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. Our study shows that C4d immunohistochemistry may be a useful adjunct in evaluating esophageal pemphigus vulgaris.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969241261544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T22:05:30Z","timestamp":1721599530000},"page":"337-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Utility of C4d Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Esophageal Pemphigus Vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayun M.","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Veteran Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Tak","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rondell","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4685-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Hissong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May P.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Westerhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001817"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"878","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis for C3d, C4d, IgG, IgG4, and CD123 in diagnosis of autoimmune skin diseases","volume":"44","author":"Deng M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng M, Zhou X, Zhang J, Li Y. Immunohistochemical analysis for C3d, C4d, IgG, IgG4, and CD123 in diagnosis of autoimmune skin diseases. Zhong nan da xue xue bao Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University Medical sciences. 2019;44(8):878-884.","journal-title":"Zhong nan da xue xue bao Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University Medical sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14950-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2012.01360.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb04165.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969241261544","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10668969241261544","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969241261544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:14:35Z","timestamp":1787645675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10668969241261544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10668969241261544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969241261544","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969241261544\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969241261544\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969241261544\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969241261544\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/10668969241261544\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]}}}