{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:28:55Z","timestamp":1787646535239,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The bacterium\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sarcina ventriculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SV) is rarely identified in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has been associated with diverse clinical presentations. We aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features of SV in the GI tract. Seventeen specimens (3 gastrectomy and 14 biopsy specimens) with histologic diagnosis of SV were identified and analyzed. The patients (9 female, 8 male) had a median age of 65 (range 32\u201386) years. Five (30%) patients presented acutely with GI bleeding or altered mental status. Other relevant symptoms included abdominal pain (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096, 35%), diarrhea (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094, 24%), dysphagia\/dyspepsia (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093, 18%), and nausea\/vomiting (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093, 18%). SV organisms were mainly identified in the stomach (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914, 82%), rarely at the gastroesophageal junction (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092, 12%), esophagus (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092, 12%), or duodenum (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091, 6%). Endoscopically, retained food debris was found in 5 of 13 (38%) examined patients. Histologically, the majority of specimens (12 out of 17, 71%) showed mild alterations including reactive gastropathy, inactive gastritis, or reflux (Grade 1). The other 5 specimens (29%) demonstrated erosion, ulcer, necrosis, or perforation (Grade 2). The most commonly associated comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910, 59%), gastroparesis\/outlet obstruction (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910, 59%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096, 35%). Upon follow-up, 3 (18%) patients with acute phlegmonous gastritis died shortly after gastrectomy. Our case series, the largest reported so far, describes a spectrum of histologic severity associated with SV infection. Diabetes and gastroparesis\/outlet obstruction manifested as retained food debris endoscopically are common findings with SV, and may provide a growth medium for this organism and provoke pathogenicity contributing to fatality in acute conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969241261569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T08:59:43Z","timestamp":1718873983000},"page":"323-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinicopathologic Characterization of\n                    <i>Sarcina ventriculi<\/i>\n                    in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Ettel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School\/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Current address: The Clinical Pathology Laboratories (A Sonic Healthcare USA Pathology Practice), Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5052-0632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"430","article-title":"History of a case in which a fluid periodically ejected from the stomach contained vegetable organisms of an undescribed form","volume":"57","author":"Goodsir J","year":"1842","unstructured":"Goodsir J, Wilson G. History of a case in which a fluid periodically ejected from the stomach contained vegetable organisms of an undescribed form. Edinb Med Surg J. 1842;57(151):430-443.","journal-title":"Edinb Med Surg J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31822911e6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.79.6.857-859.1960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.79.6.860-862.1960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.34.1.82-97.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.163.13.391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4322\/acr.2021.337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03549642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-4-3-343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016-0028-RS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896919873715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","article-title":"A rare case of erosive esophagitis due to Sarcina ventriculi infection","volume":"15","author":"Defilippo C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Defilippo C, DeJesus JE, Gosnell JM, Qiu S, Humphrey L. A rare case of erosive esophagitis due to Sarcina ventriculi infection. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e34230. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34230","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1159\/000518305","article-title":"Fatal outcome of emphysematous gastritis due to Sarcina ventriculi infection","volume":"15","author":"Savi\u0107 Vukovi\u0107 A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Savi\u0107 Vukovi\u0107 A, Jonji\u0107 N, Bosak Ver\u0161i\u0107 A, Kova\u010d D, Radman M. Fatal outcome of emphysematous gastritis due to Sarcina ventriculi infection. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2022;15(3):933-938. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000518305","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000000463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.12.033","article-title":"Esophageal cytology: a tale of Shish Kebab and Roman legionaries","volume":"155","author":"Neppl C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neppl C, Friedli B, Hewer E. Esophageal cytology: a tale of Shish Kebab and Roman legionaries. 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