{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:33:33Z","timestamp":1787646813887,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urethral strictures are a common cause of urinary obstruction which can be treated with surgical resection. Frozen sections are rare and pose a diagnostic challenge to pathologists due to the presence of benign lesions such as nephrogenic adenoma. We retrospectively examined all specimens of urethral stricture resections submitted to pathology at our institution from 2012 to 2022 (n\u2009=\u2009258). Final pathology reports were searched to identify patients with dysplasia, carcinoma, or nephrogenic adenoma. When available, frozen section reports were also examined and compared to the final report, and additional clinical history and microscopic images were collected for patients with nephrogenic adenoma. Nephrogenic adenoma was identified in 3.8% (10\/258) of urethral stricture resections. Dysplasia was identified in one patient who underwent two separate resections, and squamous cell carcinoma was found in one resection. Intraoperative frozen section was requested in 3.4% of resections (9\/258). In two resections, an initial diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was initially favoured, however when reviewed with a genitourinary pathologist the diagnosis was changed to \u201creactive process\u201d with a final diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma. Nephrogenic adenoma can be challenging on frozen section due to variable architectural patterns, inflammation, and reactive changes. While urethral strictures are relatively common, their assessment by frozen section is rare and pathologists may lack familiarity with the variable morphology of benign entities that can be seen on frozen section resulting in their misinterpretation. We highlight this potential diagnostic pitfall and demonstrate the value of a second opinion prior to definitive frozen section diagnosis of malignancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969241286069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T04:44:08Z","timestamp":1727930648000},"page":"656-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nephrogenic Adenoma: A Pitfall on Frozen Section of Urethral Strictures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5024-7974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Oberc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Downes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09800.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"Urethral strictures and stenoses caused by prostate therapy","volume":"18","author":"Chen ML","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen ML, Correa AF, Santucci RA. Urethral strictures and stenoses caused by prostate therapy. Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):90\u2013102.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Strictures of the adult male urethra","author":"Peterson A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peterson A. Strictures of the adult male urethra. Uptodate. Wolters Kluwer; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200106000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056596"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","article-title":"Nephrogenic adenoma of the prostatic urethra mimicking prostatic and bladder carcinomas","volume":"15","author":"Beeter MC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beeter MC, Fazili T, Yeh Y, et al. Nephrogenic adenoma of the prostatic urethra mimicking prostatic and bladder carcinomas. Cureus. 2023;15(3).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2010-0226-CR.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13275"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969241286069","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10668969241286069","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969241286069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:15:52Z","timestamp":1787645752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10668969241286069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10668969241286069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969241286069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}}}