{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1787649505771,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ectopic liver is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of liver tissue outside the normal liver without any direct connection to it. These lesions are usually detected incidentally during clinical evaluation for other issues. However, they sometimes mimic neoplastic lesions both clinically and radiologically, which poses diagnostic challenges. Here, we present 5 patients with ectopic liver, 4 of which mimicked neoplastic lesions. The first was a 54-year-old woman diagnosed with multiple liver lesions and an enlarged gastro-hepatic lymph node, suspected to be a primary hepatic neoplasm with metastasis. Upon resection, it was found to be a hepatocellular adenoma in the liver and intraabdominal ectopic liver tissue with a small hepatocellular adenoma. Patient 2 was a 36-year-old woman presenting with palpitations and shortness of breath. An echocardiogram revealed a right atrial mass, which was identified as ectopic liver upon microscopic examination. The third patient was a 57-year-old woman with intermittent abdominal pain who underwent cholecystectomy. Microscopy revealed ectopic liver tissue on the gallbladder's serosal surface, along with chronic cholecystitis. The fourth was a 36-year-old woman with a gallbladder polyp, which on microscopy revealed ectopic liver tissue with no other abnormalities in the gallbladder. The fifth patient was a 57-year-old woman presenting with shortness of breath, weakness, and right atrial mass, which was confirmed as ectopic liver. These patients illustrate varied presentations of ectopic liver, sometimes mimicking neoplasia. Hepatocellular adenomas arising in ectopic liver and ectopic liver in intracardiac locations are extremely rare and can be a diagnostic pitfall, as they can clinically, radiologically, and pathologically mimic serious conditions like neoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969251331581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T10:52:51Z","timestamp":1744714371000},"page":"1672-1678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ectopic Liver Mimicking Neoplastic Lesions: Report of Five Patients and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2688-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekta","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falone","family":"Amoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raima","family":"Memon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niraja","family":"Korremla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Ajmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirag R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Winokur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4091-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatme","family":"Ghandour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-4089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer","family":"Al Diffalha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012892"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Ectopic liver observed by peritoneoscopy: report of a case","volume":"24","author":"Asada J","year":"1982","unstructured":"Asada J, Onji S, Yamashita Y, et al. Ectopic liver observed by peritoneoscopy: report of a case. Gastroenterol Endosc. 1982;24(2):309-312. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11280\/gee1973b.24.309.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Endosc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i38.6485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Supradiaphragmatic liver in the lung","volume":"1986","author":"Mendoza A","unstructured":"Mendoza A, Voland J, Wolf P, et al. Supradiaphragmatic liver in the lung. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1986;110(11):1085-1086.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i31.4270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.17.3725"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000131037.92864.df"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Ectopic liver","volume":"67","author":"Collan Y","year":"1978","unstructured":"Collan Y, Hakkiluoto A, H\u00e4stbacka J. Ectopic liver. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1978;67(1):27-29. PMID: 637502.","journal-title":"Ann Chir Gynaecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"Langman\u2019s Essential Medical Embryology","author":"Sadler TW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sadler TW. Langman\u2019s Essential Medical Embryology. 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J Am Coll Cardiol Case Rep. 2021;3(13):1541-1544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaccas.2021.08.016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/adpa.2002.34732"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.02.055"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","article-title":"EL Tissue mistakenly diagnosed as a right atrial myxoma","volume":"11","author":"Soliman M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soliman M, Akanbi O, Salem A, Khreis M, Abdel-Latif A. EL Tissue mistakenly diagnosed as a right atrial myxoma. Cureus. 2019;11(1):e3862. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.3862. 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