{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:29:35Z","timestamp":1787646575023,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Introduction.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Chronic kidney diseases are attributed to a variety of etiologies, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, vascular diseases, cystic kidney diseases, chronic tubulo-interstitial diseases, chronic pyelonephritis, and glomerular diseases. Simple nephrectomy is indicated when the loss of renal function in a unilateral non-functional kidney is permanent in a persistently symptomatic patient. Uncommonly, a non-functional kidney may develop neoplasm unsuspected pre-operatively and be diagnosed only during histopathological examination of nephrectomy specimen.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Material and methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We examined 275 simple nephrectomies performed between 2019 and 2024 in patients with non-functional kidneys confirmed by DMSA scan. All nephrectomies done for diagnosed or even suspected tumors by pre-operative imaging were excluded from the study.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Chronic pyelonephritis (79.3%) was the most common histopathological diagnosis, followed by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (8.7%) and granulomatous pyelonephritis (5.4%). In five (1.8%) patients, microscopy revealed non-specific chronic interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. One patient (0.4%) was diagnosed with large solitary pyelogenic cyst and renal nocardiosis. Eleven patients (4%) were diagnosed with neoplasms. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (27.2%), followed by urothelial carcinomas of renal pelvis (18.2%), one patient each of collecting duct carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis, and multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential. Three patients had papillary adenomas.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Diligent histopathological examination of simple nephrectomy is crucial in establishing the final diagnosis with important further therapeutic implications. This is especially important in neoplastic pathologies developing in non-functional kidneys that may rarely be unsuspected by pre-operative imaging and diagnosed only during histopathological evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969251339803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T01:14:56Z","timestamp":1748222096000},"page":"1759-1766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Simple Nephrectomy for Non-Functioning Kidney: An Institutional Experience with Non-Neoplastic and Incidentally Detected Neoplastic Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1190-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maitrayee","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5380-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maitri Diagnostic Lab, Ambala city, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1414-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayushi","family":"Kediya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishesh","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay Shrawan","family":"Nijhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05368-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Hashmi MF Benjamin O Lappin SL. End-stage renal disease. https:\/\/europepmc.org\/ Accessed 2018. https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/NBK\/nbk499861."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Thotakura R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thotakura R, Anjum F. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-06969-4.00015-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","article-title":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification","volume":"39","author":"Levey AS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levey AS, Coresh J, Bolton K, et al. K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(2 SUPPL. 1):i-i+. 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PMID: 10658247.","journal-title":"Progres en Urologie: Journal de L'association Francaise D'urologie et de la Societe Francaise D'urologie"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1999.13.425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9941.19261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2013.12-0413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047981613513763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2018.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000102907"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Incidentally detected renal neoplasms in nephrectomy and post-mortem specimens, with a review of literature","volume":"4","author":"Hingway SR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hingway SR, Lodha ND. Incidentally detected renal neoplasms in nephrectomy and post-mortem specimens, with a review of literature. 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