{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:18:29Z","timestamp":1787649509173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Primary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the genitourinary tract are rare entities encountered in the kidneys, bladder, prostate, testes, and ovaries. Information on grading, biologic behavior, molecular characteristics, and treatment options is lacking. We present two patients with primary NETs which include one lesion involving the testis and one lesion involving the kidney. The testicular NET was incidentally discovered and clinically thought to be a conventional germ cell tumor. Histologically, the tumor was low-grade with pure carcinoid morphology, and did not demonstrate a concurrent teratoma or germ cell neoplasia\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Other differential diagnoses like metastasis from an extratesticular primary and sex cord-stromal tumors were argued against. Pure testicular NET is thought to be a prepubertal-type monodermal teratoma that generally lacks isochromosome 12p. Secondly, we report a primary renal NET which metastasized to the liver, lymph node, and bone. No other primary site of origin was identified. The tumor had atypical features including 6 mitotic figures\/10 high-power field, Ki67 index of 4%, and resistance to chemotherapy. Prior reports have shown loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 3p21, with mutations in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CDH1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TET2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other genes in a subset of these tumors. However, our molecular assessment showed an alteration involving the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ERCC2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in this tumor that has been described as a pathogenic variant in autosomally recessive conditions. These lesions highlight the need for urologists and pathologists to recognize and include NETs at unusual locations in their diagnostic consideration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969251350265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T03:56:53Z","timestamp":1751860613000},"page":"162-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Genitourinary System: Two Rare Examples of Testicular and Renal Neuroendocrine Tumors with Clinicopathologic and Molecular Findings"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0017-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Manzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4226-2633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranav S.","family":"Renavikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Cushman-Vokoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subodh M.","family":"Lele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-1693-CTOTUT"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/579396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0404-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/DYUGBG911VCDLBQA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-018-0481-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024714"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","article-title":"Primary renal carcinoid: two rare cases at a single center","volume":"13","author":"Kelly EF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kelly EF, Connelly ZM, Noonan MJ, Gu X, Khater N. Primary renal carcinoid: two rare cases at a single center. Cureus. 2021;13(3):e13907. Published 2021 Mar 15. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.13907.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/19.147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-019-0791-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969241235315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1493-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40185-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0258"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969251350265","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10668969251350265","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969251350265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:19:56Z","timestamp":1787645996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10668969251350265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10668969251350265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969251350265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]}}}