{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:18:33Z","timestamp":1787649513084,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The balance between CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells within the tumor microenvironment is crucial in cancer progression. This study aimed to characterize CD8+\/FOXP3+ T-cell ratios in tumor and stromal compartments of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) across different histologic subtypes and grades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed 1 tissue microarray block (144 spots from 35 patients). CD8 and FOXP3 immunohistochemistry was performed. Ratios of CD8+\/FOXP3+ T cells per high-power field were categorized as CD8\u2009&gt;\u2009FOXP3 or CD8\u2009\u2264\u2009FOXP3 in tumor and stromal compartments. Associations with histologic subtype (including WHO classification) and grade were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-nine spots (55%), representing 23 unique patients, were evaluable. Median intratumoral CD8+ and FOXP3+ counts were 5 and 4 per high-power field, respectively. Stromal median counts were 22 (CD8+) and 38 (FOXP3+) per high-power field. No statistically significant associations were found between CD8+\/FOXP3+ ratios and histologic grade in either tumor (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.529) or stromal compartments (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.660). Similarly, no significant associations were observed with histologic subtype, though a non-significant trend (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.09) was noted between stromal ratio and subtype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study characterized CD8+ and FOXP3+ T-cell infiltrates and their ratios in penile SCC, revealing distinct patterns between tumor and stromal compartments. In this cohort, significant associations with histologic grade or subtype were not observed. These findings underscore the need for larger, prospective studies incorporating HPV status and clinical outcomes to elucidate the role of these immune ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969251362475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T17:50:33Z","timestamp":1757699433000},"page":"5-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of CD8+ and FOXP3+ T-Cell Ratios in Tumor and Stromal Compartments of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Analysis Across Histologic Subtypes and Grades"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4206-2296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Canete-Portillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-1429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio L.","family":"Cubilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda e Investigaci\u00f3n, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5824-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alcides","family":"Chaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Norte, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0802-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0142-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1356148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.874213","article-title":"Immunotherapy in penile squamous cell carcinoma: present or future? 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