{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:06:52Z","timestamp":1788847612172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-associated large B-cell lymphoma characterised by malignant effusions in serous cavities (classic PEL). However, a subset of tumours may present exclusively as solid masses, referred to as extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma (EC-PEL). Despite the high regional prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus \/HHV8, PEL is likely under-reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study reports on the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnoses of EC-PEL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of biopsies with a diagnosis of PEL from 2010 to 2019 was performed. Seven patients met the 2024 WHO criteria for PEL. Clinical information was collected and histopathological and immunohistochemical features were reviewed independently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven patients with a median age of 38 years (range, 25-51 years) were identified. Most patients were men (86%), and all were Black African. Five patients (71%) were living with HIV, with CD4\u2009+\u2009counts ranging from 137 to 348 cells\/\u00b5L. Tumour sites were lymph nodes, stomach, maxillary sinus, and soft tissue. All tumours showed diffuse sheets of plasmablastic or immunoblastic cells. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of plasma-cell markers (VS38C, CD138), lacked pan B-cell markers (CD20 and PAX5), and had high proliferative indices (Ki-67: 90-95%). All tumours were positive for HHV8 (LANA-1) and EBER in situ hybridisation was positive in 86%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracavitary PEL in Sub-Saharan Africa exhibits the characteristic clinicopathologic profile described globally and remains strongly associated with HIV-related immunosuppression. Improved recognition of this rare but aggressive lymphoma can be achieved with increased awareness of the diagnosis and improved access to HHV8 immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969261442155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1778220310000},"page":"1748-1758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracavitary Primary Effusion Lymphoma: Diagnostic Challenges and Differential Diagnosis in a Resource-Constrained South African Setting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0895-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Absalom","family":"Mwazha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service"},{"name":"Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5478-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonginkosi Gamalenkosi","family":"Nhlonzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Histopathology, AMPATH Pietermaritzburg Laboratory, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Said J Chadburn A Medeiros LJ Michelow P Bower M. Primary effusion lymphoma. In: Board W ed. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board Haematolymphoid tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2024. 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