{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:19:31Z","timestamp":1787649571082,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diagnosing low-grade spindle cell lesions of the skin can be challenging. In particular, distinguishing among fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and smooth muscle or pericytic proliferations may be difficult during a routine histologic examination. This article provides an update on recent developments in superficial mesenchymal tumors exhibiting smooth muscle and pericytic differentiation. We focus on the characterization of clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis, and recurrent molecular alterations. Additionally, we address superficial leiomyosarcomas, which are now classified as atypical intradermal smooth muscle neoplasms due to their low risk of aggressive behavior. The article also discusses Epstein\u2013Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969261448582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:03:55Z","timestamp":1781618635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Superficial (Cutaneous) Tumors Exhibiting Morphological and Phenotypic Differentiation Toward Smooth Muscle and Pericytic Lineages"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7318-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidro","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog\u00eda"},{"name":"Patologika Laboratory, Hospital Quir\u00f3nsalud, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"University of Valencia"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Parafioriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department ASST Istituto Ortopedico Getano Pini-Cto Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Armiraglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department ASST Istituto Ortopedico Getano Pini-Cto Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime Jos\u00e9","family":"Padilla-Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog\u00eda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia Rojo","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Valencia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Traves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog\u00eda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Llombart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog\u00eda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2012.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14450"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2023.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Skin tumours [Internet; Beta version ahead of print]. Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2023. (WHO Classification of Tumours Series 5th ed.; vol. 12). https:\/\/tumourclassification.iarc.who.int\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-024-03925-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Mesenchymal skin tumors\u2014novel entities in the 5th edition of WHO classification of skin tumors","volume":"60","author":"Michal M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michal M. Mesenchymal skin tumors\u2014novel entities in the 5th edition of WHO classification of skin tumors. Cesk Patol. 2024;60(1):49\u201358.","journal-title":"Cesk Patol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2011.01767.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0388-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2023.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2012.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200404000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2009.01405.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"294","article-title":"Clinicopathological study of primary superficial leiomyosarcomas","volume":"96","author":"Burusapat C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burusapat C, Satayasoontorn K, Nelson SD. Clinicopathological study of primary superficial leiomyosarcomas. J Med Assoc Thai. 2013;96(3):294\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199702000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200108000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.121358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/s0034-98872025000800599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1990.02150310050024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Raboudi A","unstructured":"Raboudi A, Litaiem N. Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000178088.69394.7b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"561548","article-title":"AIDS-related EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors: a review of 64 published cases","volume":"2011","author":"Purgina B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Purgina B, Rao UN, Miettinen M, et al. AIDS-related EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors: a review of 64 published cases. Patholog Res Int. 2011;2011:561548.","journal-title":"Patholog Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04011.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0120-RS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000497075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13849"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-021-01328-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2023.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15528-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31820e6093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810101)47:1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106689690401200106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03471.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199709000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1996.tb01435.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199403000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199403000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198806000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199506000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00569.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(99)90113-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2004.30018.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1996.tb00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481302000408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-015-2809-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748231206957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2011.01721.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181e5d16a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5146\/tjpath.2023.01600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljac138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-018-1196-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2018.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Pathology and genetics of skin tumors","author":"Weedon D","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weedon D, Williamson RM, Patterson JW. Smooth and skeletal muscle tumours. In: LeBoit PE, Burg G, Weedon D, Sarasin A, eds. Pathology and genetics of skin tumors. IARC Press; 2002: 251\u2013252."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"305","volume-title":"En: Tumores cut\u00e1neos departes blandas","author":"Leiomiosarcoma cut\u00e1neo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leiomiosarcoma cut\u00e1neo. En: Tumores cut\u00e1neos departes blandas. 1 aed. Editorial Aula M\u00e9dica; 2012: 305\u2013311.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840701)54:1<126::AID-CNCR2820540125>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2004.00085.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000178007.42139.c7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.89165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000178091.54147.b1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02859-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000004782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2011.01778.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000862"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199805000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200101000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00898.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.073965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63723-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","first-page":"7830","article-title":"Myopericytoma tumor of the glans penis","volume":"22","author":"Rodr\u00edguez D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez D, Cornejo KM, Sadow PM, et al. Myopericytoma tumor of the glans penis. Can J Urol. 2015;22(3):7830\u20137833.","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896911432454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2023.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896914567330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-024-04743-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15222852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31823931b4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.106709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14152"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000002497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-022-01476-z"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969261448582","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10668969261448582","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10668969261448582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:29:00Z","timestamp":1787646540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10668969261448582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":127,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10668969261448582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969261448582","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8969","1940-2465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-2465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"article-number":"10668969261448582"}}