{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:07:30Z","timestamp":1788829650609,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) currently lack a standardized histopathological grading system, unlike their adenocarcinoma counterparts. In this retrospective study, we examined the prognostic significance and classification value of tumor budding (TB), single-cell invasion, tumor budding nest size (TBNS) grading system, and spread through airspaces (STAS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>About 268 patients who underwent surgical resection for LSCC between November 2011 and December 2021 were evaluated. TB was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections at \u00d7200 magnification from the area showing the most prominent budding activity. A 3-tier TBNS grading system was established by combining the number of tumor buds and the size of tumor cell nests. STAS presence was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analysis revealed significant associations between high TBNS scores and adverse pathological features, including higher tumor stage, pleural and lymphovascular invasion, increased stromal fibrosis, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, survival analysis demonstrated that high TB, single-cell invasion, elevated TBNS scores, and the presence of STAS were all linked to reduced overall and disease-free survival (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that TB, TBNS, and STAS are valuable histopathological markers that may offer additional prognostic insight beyond traditional staging parameters. Incorporating a standardized assessment of these features into routine pathology reports could improve prognostic stratification and inform clinical decision-making in patients with LSCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969261455055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:11:55Z","timestamp":1781169115000},"page":"1782-1790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic Significance and Classification Value of Tumor Budding, Single Cell Invasion, and Spread Through Airspaces (STAS) in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7392-6099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurcan","family":"Unver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nesl\u0130han Akan\u0131l","family":"Fener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Thoracic Tumors","author":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial BoardThoracic Tumors. 5th edn, Vol 5. 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