{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:20:32Z","timestamp":1787649632361,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Surg Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atypical microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) of the cervix with a pseudoinvasive pattern is a well-known diagnostic pitfall. This study reviews this entity and uses two initially misdiagnosed lesions to illustrate the key morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features that distinguish atypical MGH from its malignant mimics. The aim is to provide a practical diagnostic framework to improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent patient overtreatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective clinicopathological analysis of two patients with atypical cervical MGH exhibiting a pseudoinvasive pattern. Diagnosis was confirmed through comprehensive histological examination, supplemented by immunohistochemistry, special staining (Alcian blue\u2013periodic acid\u2013Schiff), and molecular testing for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations. Clinical follow-up was obtained, and relevant literature was reviewed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The patients were a 54-year-old woman and a 47-year-old woman presenting with irregular vaginal bleeding. Both lesions were initially misdiagnosed at outside institutions (as endometrial adenocarcinoma and usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma, respectively). Histological review revealed nearly identical features: a complex proliferation of small, crowded microglandular structures, intermixed with irregular solid nests and cords of cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, haphazardly dispersed in a loose, myxoid stroma. Occasional signet-ring-like cells were noted. Immunohistochemically, the lesions were positive for ER (estrogen receptor, official symbol\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ESR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), showed focal p16 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CDKN2A<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) positivity, a wild-type p53 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) pattern, and a low Ki-67 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">MKI67<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) index (\u22482%). They were negative for CEA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CEACAM5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), with retained expression of PTEN and PAX2. Alcian blue\u2013periodic acid\u2013Schiff staining was positive. No\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations were detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical MGH is a benign lesion, but its atypical variant with a pseudoinvasive pattern is a great mimicker of adenocarcinoma. A definitive diagnosis requires the integration of characteristic histomorphology with a confirmatory immunohistochemical profile. Pathologists must be familiar with this entity to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate clinical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969261460494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:42:17Z","timestamp":1784727737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atypical Microglandular Hyperplasia of the Cervix With a Deceptive Pseudoinvasive Pattern: A Report of Two Patients Mimicking Malignancy and a Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5439-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunrong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Three Gorges University"},{"name":"Yichang Central People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yiling People's Hospital, Yichang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Three Gorges University"},{"name":"Yichang Central People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3619-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Three Gorges University"},{"name":"Yichang Central People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Three Gorges University"},{"name":"Yichang Central People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dangyang People's Hospital, Yichang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-199501000-00009"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"406","article-title":"Microglandular hyperplasia of the uterine cervix","volume":"66","author":"Chumas JC","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chumas JC, Nelson B, Mann WJ, et al. Microglandular hyperplasia of the uterine cervix. 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Mucinous endometrial epithelial proliferations: a morphologic spectrum of changes with diverse clinical significance. 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