{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:59:23Z","timestamp":1777694363017,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Homomorphic encryption has seen limited application in real-world settings due to its high computational costs, which often impede practical use in latency-sensitive scenarios. Addressing this challenge, this research work presents an efficient, partially homomorphic encryption framework for privacy-preserving ID creation tailored to biometric applications, such as border control or access to secure restricted facilities. The proposed solution leverages the additive homomorphic properties of Paillier and Elliptic Curve ElGamal encryption schemes to encapsulate biometric data within a secure cryptographic layer, enabling rapid verification while minimizing computation and storage demands. Paillier encryption ensures robust security with maximal accuracy, while Elliptic Curve ElGamal optimizes for minimal ciphertext sizes, both meeting rigorous ISO biometric security standards. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework achieves high accuracy with reduced memory and bandwidth requirements, with encrypted IDs as compact as 4 KiB, making it suitable for scalable deployment. This research work represents a key advancement in homomorphic encryption applications, balancing privacy and efficiency without the usual overhead, and making it feasible for real-time biometric processing. In summary, this framework offers a pioneering solution in secure biometric verification, setting a new standard for privacy-preserving applications, positioning it as a promising model for future secure identification systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10692509251342680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T02:59:46Z","timestamp":1747882786000},"page":"379-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Partially homomorphic framework for secure privacy-preserving ID creation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2194-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Hristov-Kalamov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8325-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3387-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Marquina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0909-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3283-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"G\u00f3mez-Vilda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-4898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Palacios-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2021.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung JS Nagrani A Zisserman A. Voxceleb2: Deep speaker recognition. In: Interspeech 2018. 2018; pp.1086\u20131090. DOI: 10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1929.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravanelli M Bengio Y. Speaker recognition from raw waveform with sincnet. In: 2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). 2018; pp.1021\u20131028. DOI: 10.1109\/SLT.2018.8639585.","DOI":"10.1109\/SLT.2018.8639585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9081188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng J Guo J Xue N et\u00a0al. Arcface: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition. In: 2019 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2019; pp.4685\u20134694. DOI: 10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00482.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.10.081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali MM Mahale VH Yannawar P et\u00a0al. Overview of fingerprint recognition system. In: 2016 International Conference on Electrical Electronics and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT). 2016; pp.1334\u20131338. DOI: 10.1109\/ICEEOT.2016.7754900.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEEOT.2016.7754900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Fingerprint Development Techniques: Theory and Application","author":"Arrindell KJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arrindell KJ, Lennard GR. Fingerprint Development Techniques: Theory and Application. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2018.2795609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2911165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.03.081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3651306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-180584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-230715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47852\/bonviewAIA2202391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15231-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-220686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulation (eu) 2016\/679 of the european parliament and of the council of 27 april 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (general data protection regulation)","volume":"119","author":"European Parliament and Council of the European Union","year":"2016","unstructured":"European Parliament and Council of the European Union. Regulation (eu) 2016\/679 of the european parliament and of the council of 27 april 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (general data protection regulation). Offic J Europ Union 2016; L119: 1\u201388.","journal-title":"Offic J Europ Union"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2023.103458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","article-title":"A review of homomorphic encryption for privacy-preserving biometrics","volume":"23","author":"Yang W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang W, Wang S, Cui H, et\u00a0al. A review of homomorphic encryption for privacy-preserving biometrics. Sensors 2023; 23. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23073566.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy A Brox T. Inverting visual representations with convolutional networks. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2016; pp.4829\u20134837. DOI: 10.1109\/CVPR.2016.522.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2827389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pittaluga F Koppal SJ Kang SB et\u00a0al. Revealing scenes by inverting structure from motion reconstructions. In: 2019 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2019; pp.145\u2013154. DOI: 10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00023.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. Iso\/iec 27001:2022 information security cybersecurity and privacy protection \u2014 information security management systems \u2014 requirements. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/75302.html (2022 accessed 19 October 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"On Data Banks and Privacy Homomorphisms","author":"Rivest RL","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rivest RL, Dertouzos ML. On Data Banks and Privacy Homomorphisms. New York: Academic Press, 1978; pp.169\u2013179."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","article-title":"A survey on homomorphic encryption schemes: Theory and implementation","volume":"51","author":"Acar A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acar A, Aksu H, Uluagac AS, et\u00a0al. A survey on homomorphic encryption schemes: Theory and implementation. ACM Comput Surv 2018; 51. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3214303.","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73003-5_65"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2535120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berrang P Humbert M Zhang Y et\u00a0al. Dissecting privacy risks in biomedical data. In: 2018 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P). 2018; pp.62\u201376. DOI: 10.1109\/EuroSP.2018.00013.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2018.00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-220689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shafagh H Hithnawi A Burkhalter L et\u00a0al. Secure sharing of partially homomorphic encrypted iot data. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems SenSys \u201917. New York NY USA: Association for Computing Machinery. 2017; ISBN 9781450354592. DOI: 10.1145\/3131672.3131697.","DOI":"10.1145\/3131672.3131697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17277-0_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2691578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-024-03036-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauspie\u00df P Olafsson J Kolberg J et\u00a0al. Improved homomorphically encrypted biometric identification using coefficient packing. In: 2022 International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF). 2022; pp.1\u20136. DOI: 10.1109\/IWBF55382.2022.9794523.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWBF55382.2022.9794523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolberg J Bauspie\u00df P Gomez-Barrero M et\u00a0al. Template protection based on homomorphic encryption: Computationally efficient application to iris-biometric verification and identification. In: 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS). 2019; pp.1\u20136. DOI: 10.1109\/WIFS47025.2019.9034982.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS47025.2019.9034982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"Cavoukian A. Privacy by design: The 7 foundational principles - implementation and mapping of fair information practices. Technical report Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario Canada; 2009. https:\/\/www.ipc.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/resources\/7foundationalprinciples.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Privacidad por dise\u00f1o, clave para la buena gobernanza","volume":"31","author":"Palacios-Alonso D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palacios-Alonso D, Cousido-Gonz\u00e1lez M, Dom\u00ednguez-Mateos F, et al. Privacidad por dise\u00f1o, clave para la buena gobernanza. Derecom 2021; 31: 215\u2013223.","journal-title":"Derecom"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"Goodfellow I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodfellow I, Bengio Y, Courville A. Deep Learning. Boston: MIT Press, 2016. http:\/\/www.deeplearningbook.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schroff F Kalenichenko D Philbin J. Facenet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. In: 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2015; pp. 815\u2013823. DOI: 10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentry C. Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices. In: Proceedings of the Forty-First Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing STOC \u201909. New York NY USA: Association for Computing Machinery. ISBN 9781605585062 2009; p. 169\u2013178. DOI: 10.1145\/1536414.1536440.","DOI":"10.1145\/1536414.1536440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Dijk M Gentry C Halevi S et\u00a0al. Fully homomorphic encryption over the integers. In: Gilbert H (ed.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010. -: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-642-13190-5 2010; pp. 24\u201343.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13190-5_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","unstructured":"Fan J Vercauteren F. Somewhat practical fully homomorphic encryption. Cryptology ePrint Archive Report 2012\/144; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brakerski Z Gentry C Vaikuntanathan V. (leveled) fully homomorphic encryption without bootstrapping. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference ITCS \u201912. New York NY USA: Association for Computing Machinery. ISBN 9781450311151 2012; p. 309\u2013325. DOI: 10.1145\/2090236.2090262.","DOI":"10.1145\/2090236.2090262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brakerski Z Vaikuntanathan V. Fully homomorphic encryption from ring-lwe and security for key dependent messages. In: Rogaway P (ed.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2011. -: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2011; ISBN 978-3-642-22792-9 pp.505\u2013524.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22792-9_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/120868669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"1192","article-title":"A guide to fully homomorphic encryption","volume":"2015","author":"Armknecht F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Armknecht F, Boyd C, Carr C, et\u00a0al. A guide to fully homomorphic encryption. IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch 2015; 2015: 1192.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-47411-9_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3205665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359340.359342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1985.1057074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paillier P. Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes. In: Stern J (ed.) Advances in Cryptology \u2014 EUROCRYPT \u201999. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1999. ISBN 978-3-540-48910-8 pp. 223\u2013238.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48910-X_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryu J Kim K Won D. A study on partially homomorphic encryption. In: 2023 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM). 2023; pp. 1\u20134. DOI: 10.1109\/IMCOM56909.2023.10035630.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCOM56909.2023.10035630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","volume-title":"Elliptic Curve Cryptography","author":"Hankerson D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hankerson D, Menezes A. Elliptic Curve Cryptography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. ISBN 978-3-642-27739-9, pp. 1\u20134. DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-642-27739-9_245-2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seroussi G. Elliptic curve cryptography. In: 1999 Information Theory and Networking Workshop (Cat. No.99EX371). 1999; pp.41\u2013. DOI: 10.1109\/ITNW.1999.814351.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNW.1999.814351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Analysis of elliptic curve cryptography & rsa","volume":"11","author":"Khan MR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan MR, Upreti K, Alam MI, et\u00a0al. Analysis of elliptic curve cryptography & rsa. J ICT Standardizat 2023; 11: 355\u2013378.","journal-title":"J ICT Standardizat"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","unstructured":"Saho NJG Ezin EC. Comparative study on the performance of elliptic curve cryptography algorithms with cryptography through rsa algorithm. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2022.100530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen L Bassham JM Foti JW et\u00a0al. Recommendations for discrete logarithm-based cryptography: Elliptic curve domain parameters. NIST Special Publication 800-186 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2019. DOI: 10.6028\/NIST.SP.800-186.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.800-186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/amc.2017038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanks D. Class number a theory of factorization and genera. In: Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics volume 20. American Mathematical Society 1971; pp.415\u2013440.","DOI":"10.1090\/pspum\/020\/0316385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","unstructured":"Bai S Brent RP. On the efficiency of pollard\u2019s rho method for discrete logarithms. In: Computing: The Australasian Theory Symposium; 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jindal A Kumar S Jatain A. Analysis of pollard rho attacks over ecdlp. In: Verma OP Wang L Kumar R and Yadav A (eds.) Machine Intelligence for Research and Innovations. Springer Nature Singapore. ISBN 978-981-99-8129-8 2024; pp.11\u201321.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-8129-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larasati HT Kim H. Quantum cryptanalysis landscape of shor\u2019s algorithm for elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. In: Kim H (ed.) Information Security Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021. ISBN 978-3-030-89432-0 pp. 91\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-89432-0_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roetteler M Naehrig M Svore KM et\u00a0al. Quantum resource estimates for computing elliptic curve discrete logarithms. In: Takagi T and Peyrin T (eds.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2017. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2017; ISBN 978-3-319-70697-9 pp.241\u2013270.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70697-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shor P. Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In: Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. 1994; pp. 124\u2013134. DOI: 10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700.","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hristov-Kalamov N Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz R \u00e1lvarez Marquina A et\u00a0al. Comparison of an accelerated garble embedding methodology for privacy preserving in biomedical data analytics. In: Artificial Intelligence for Neuroscience and Emotional Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland; 2024. ISBN 978-3-031-61140-7 pp.282\u2013299.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-61140-7_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","unstructured":"Sejun Kim JJ. (2022) Intel paillier cryptosystem library. https:\/\/github.com\/intel\/pailliercryptolib."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","unstructured":"Hristov-Kalamov. Homomorphic encrypted id. 2024. https:\/\/github.com\/niki122121\/HomomorphicEncryptedID."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouert C Mouris D Tsoutsos NG. SoK: New insights into fully homomorphic encryption libraries via standardized benchmarks. Cryptology ePrint Archive Paper 2022\/425; 2022.","DOI":"10.56553\/popets-2023-0075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeshita J Koirala N McKechney C et\u00a0al. HEProfiler: An in-depth profiler of approximate homomorphic encryption libraries. Cryptology ePrint Archive Paper 2024\/1059. 2024.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13389-025-00377-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu H Suzuki T Yamana H. Performance comparison of homomorphic encrypted convolutional neural network inference among helib microsoft seal and openfhe. In: 2023 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE). 2023; pp.1\u20137. DOI: 10.1109\/CSDE59766.2023.10487709.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSDE59766.2023.10487709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2019.2955165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","unstructured":"Gilad-Bachrach R Dowlin N Laine K et\u00a0al. Cryptonets: Applying neural networks to encrypted data with high throughput and accuracy. In: Proceedings of The 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning Proceedings of Machine Learning Research volume 48. 2016; pp.201\u2013210."}],"container-title":["Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10692509251342680","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10692509251342680","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10692509251342680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:14:59Z","timestamp":1777454099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10692509251342680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10692509251342680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10692509251342680","relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-2509","1875-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-2509","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]}}}