{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:10:56Z","timestamp":1787019056279,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of cumulative industrial trauma as an etiology of orthopaedic disease has recently generated considerable attention in both the medical and legal communities. To clarify the current state of knowledge about the issue as applied to the foot and ankle, we critically reviewed the literature on the etiology of seven foot and ankle disorders commonly involved in compensation litigation in the practice of the senior author: hallux valgus, interdigital neuroma, tarsal tunnel syndrome, lesser toe deformity, heel pain, adult acquired flatfoot, and foot and ankle osteoarthritis. Koch's postulates were appropriately modified and used as a logistic framework to analyze the potential for cumulative industrial trauma to cause foot pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In none of the disorders analyzed could cumulative industrial trauma reasonably satisfy even one of Koch's three postulates. We conclude there is currently no unequivocal literature support upon which to invoke cumulative industrial trauma as a clear etiology of these disorders of the adult foot and ankle. The superb evolutionary adaptation of the human foot to prolonged ambulation and the absence of industrial demands that significantly differ from this task likely account for this dramatically reduced vulnerability of the foot to industrial repetitive motion disorders compared to the upper extremity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002101213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T03:51:02Z","timestamp":1487044262000},"page":"1047-1056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cumulative Industrial Trauma as an Etiology of Seven Common Disorders in the Foot and Ankle: What Is the Evidence?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Guyton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapel Hill, NC and Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapel Hill, NC and Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren Eric","family":"Kreiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapel Hill, NC and Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuvi","family":"Mendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapel Hill, NC and Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapel Hill, NC and Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070002101213","unstructured":"1. Academy News, Rosemont, Illinois, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1998, p. 11."},{"key":"bibr2-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114939"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070002101213","first-page":"355","volume":"89","author":"Barnicot N.A.","year":"1955","journal-title":"Anat."},{"key":"bibr4-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(23)00229-2","volume":"2","author":"Baumhauer J.F.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Foot and Ankle Clinics"},{"key":"bibr5-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199206000-00029","volume":"279","author":"Baxter DE","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"bibr6-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078400500103"},{"key":"bibr7-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30279-9"},{"key":"bibr8-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/20.3.148"},{"key":"bibr9-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.3.2027971"},{"key":"bibr10-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Betts LO: Morton's metatarsalgia: neuritis of the fourth digital nerve. Med J. Aust. 514\u2013515, 1940.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1940.tb46191.x"},{"key":"bibr11-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198307000-00008","volume":"177","author":"Bordelon R.L.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr12-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.62B2.7364832"},{"key":"bibr13-107110070002101213","volume-title":"Compulsory Insurance in Germany","author":"Brooks J.G.","year":"1893"},{"key":"bibr14-107110070002101213","unstructured":"14. California Labor Code, Sections 3208 and 3600."},{"key":"bibr15-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300111"},{"key":"bibr16-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078800800507"},{"key":"bibr17-107110070002101213","first-page":"369","volume":"7","author":"Cherniak M.G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"bibr18-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079001100110"},{"key":"bibr19-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624772"},{"key":"bibr20-107110070002101213","unstructured":"20. Cotran R.S., Kumar V., Robbins S.L.: Robbins' Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1989 pp. 480\u2013481."},{"key":"bibr21-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601104"},{"key":"bibr22-107110070002101213","unstructured":"22. Coughlin MJ, Mann RA: \u201cLesser toe deformities\u201d in Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, 6th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1993. pp. 341\u2013411."},{"key":"bibr23-107110070002101213","first-page":"1482","volume":"2","author":"Creer WS","year":"1938","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr24-107110070002101213","first-page":"1827","volume":"15","author":"Davis MA","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"bibr25-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501002"},{"key":"bibr26-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-8422(23)00126-X","volume":"6","author":"Dykyj D.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Pod Med Surg"},{"key":"bibr27-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1969.03150170042009"},{"key":"bibr28-107110070002101213","first-page":"311","volume":"13","author":"Engle E.T.","year":"1931","journal-title":"J. Bone and Joint Surg."},{"key":"bibr29-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02911038"},{"key":"bibr30-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036019"},{"key":"bibr31-107110070002101213","first-page":"277","volume":"45","author":"Forst L.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"bibr32-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072060-00014","volume":"72","author":"Frey C.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Bone and Joint Surg."},{"key":"bibr33-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688808101007"},{"key":"bibr34-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668010-00012"},{"key":"bibr35-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557050-00016"},{"key":"bibr36-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078300300510"},{"key":"bibr37-107110070002101213","first-page":"401","volume":"62","author":"Grabois M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"bibr38-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078400500308"},{"key":"bibr39-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B4.6746697"},{"key":"bibr40-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B3.376"},{"key":"bibr41-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4839.745"},{"key":"bibr42-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(31)91059-3"},{"key":"bibr43-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198807000-00015","volume":"232","author":"Hoffmeyer P.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop."},{"key":"bibr44-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300204"},{"key":"bibr45-107110070002101213","unstructured":"45. Hough A.J.: Pathology of osteoarthritis, in Arthritis and Allied Conditions. Koopman W.J. ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1997, pp. 1945\u20131968."},{"key":"bibr46-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078500500402"},{"key":"bibr47-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31240-2"},{"key":"bibr48-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900110"},{"key":"bibr49-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300308"},{"key":"bibr50-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)73938-9"},{"key":"bibr51-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657800600202"},{"key":"bibr52-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759010-00025"},{"key":"bibr53-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198902000-00022"},{"key":"bibr54-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90240-G"},{"key":"bibr55-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078800800609"},{"key":"bibr56-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.6.383"},{"key":"bibr57-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00014","volume":"157","author":"Kato T","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr58-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244010-00015"},{"key":"bibr59-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.17.4.388"},{"key":"bibr60-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196951040-00014"},{"key":"bibr61-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900111"},{"key":"bibr62-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678008990896"},{"key":"bibr63-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800408"},{"key":"bibr64-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196001142620202"},{"key":"bibr65-107110070002101213","unstructured":"65. Kramer S.N.: History Begins at Sumer. London, Thames and Hudson, 1958, p. 93."},{"key":"bibr66-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)91024-3"},{"key":"bibr67-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.49B1.87"},{"key":"bibr68-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)61291-6","volume":"2","author":"Lamberinudi C","year":"1938","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr69-107110070002101213","first-page":"461","volume":"20","author":"Lane NE","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"bibr70-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90422-A"},{"key":"bibr71-107110070002101213","first-page":"119","volume":"16","author":"Lapidus P.W.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Orthop."},{"key":"bibr72-107110070002101213","first-page":"178","volume":"39","author":"Lapidus P.W.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr73-107110070002101213","first-page":"73","volume":"142","author":"Lassman G","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr74-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330740204"},{"key":"bibr75-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330820202"},{"key":"bibr76-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330780306"},{"key":"bibr77-107110070002101213","first-page":"427","volume":"16","author":"Lawrence RC","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rhematol."},{"key":"bibr78-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198307000-00017"},{"key":"bibr79-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078600700305"},{"key":"bibr80-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/262460a0"},{"key":"bibr81-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400406"},{"key":"bibr82-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308994561"},{"key":"bibr83-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197011000-00026"},{"key":"bibr84-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199005000-00021","volume":"254","author":"Louis D.S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr85-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400609"},{"key":"bibr86-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)90304-7"},{"key":"bibr87-107110070002101213","unstructured":"87. Mann R.A. and Coughlin M.J.: Adult hallux valgus in Mann R.A. and Coughlin M.J., eds. Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, St. Louis, Mosby, 1993, pp. 167\u2013296."},{"key":"bibr88-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31245-1"},{"key":"bibr89-107110070002101213","first-page":"302","volume":"33","author":"Mann R.A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Instr. Course Lect."},{"key":"bibr90-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567040-00009"},{"key":"bibr91-107110070002101213","unstructured":"91. Mann R.A.: Biomechanics of the foot and ankle, in Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. Mann R.A., Coughlin M.J. eds. St. Louis, Mosby, 1993, pp. 1\u201343."},{"key":"bibr92-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078300300411"},{"key":"bibr93-107110070002101213","first-page":"183","volume":"24","author":"Matricali B.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Sci."},{"key":"bibr94-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749080-00020"},{"key":"bibr95-107110070002101213","first-page":"93","volume":"9","author":"Meiklejohn A.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Br. J. Industr. Med."},{"key":"bibr96-107110070002101213","first-page":"49","volume":"142","author":"Morton TG","year":"1979","journal-title":"(Reprint) Clin Orthop"},{"key":"bibr97-107110070002101213","unstructured":"97. Moskowitz R.W.: Clinical and laboratory findings in osteoarthritis. in Arthritis and Allied Conditions. Koopman W.J. ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1997, pp. 1985\u20132011."},{"key":"bibr98-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01577412"},{"key":"bibr99-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078900900503"},{"key":"bibr100-107110070002101213","first-page":"293","volume":"33","author":"Nissen Kl","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Bone and Joint Surg"},{"key":"bibr101-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19850601-11"},{"key":"bibr102-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370090074023"},{"key":"bibr103-107110070002101213","first-page":"734","volume":"34","author":"Park R.M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med."},{"key":"bibr104-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.27.6.559"},{"key":"bibr105-107110070002101213","unstructured":"105. Pelletier J.P., Martel-Pelletier J., Howell D.S.: Etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, in Arthritis and Allied Conditions. Koopman W.J. ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1997, pp. 1969\u20131984."},{"key":"bibr106-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.2.188"},{"key":"bibr107-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199702)31:2<211::AID-AJIM11>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"bibr108-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4943.831"},{"key":"bibr109-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(24)00048-2","volume":"3","author":"Rosenberg GA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot and Ankle Clinics"},{"key":"bibr110-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300207"},{"key":"bibr111-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(24)00028-7","volume":"3","author":"Sands AK","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot and Ankle Clinics"},{"key":"bibr112-107110070002101213","first-page":"63","volume":"123","author":"Scheck M","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"bibr113-107110070002101213","first-page":"993","volume":"10","author":"Schlomka G","year":"1953","journal-title":"Z. Gesamte Inn Med"},{"key":"bibr114-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400304"},{"key":"bibr115-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.188.3.8351328"},{"key":"bibr116-107110070002101213","first-page":"371","volume":"68","author":"Sevastano AA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rhode Island Med J"},{"key":"bibr117-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199110000-00040","volume":"271","author":"Shereff MJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr118-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195840050-00007"},{"key":"bibr119-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100406"},{"key":"bibr120-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330600302"},{"key":"bibr121-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B4.539"},{"key":"bibr122-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19870101-15"},{"key":"bibr123-107110070002101213","first-page":"98","volume":"7","author":"Truslow W.","year":"1925","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"bibr124-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.1998.12098393"},{"key":"bibr125-107110070002101213","unstructured":"125. Vincelette R, Laurin CA, Levesque HP. The footballer's ankle and foot. Can Med Assoc J 873\u2013877, 1972."},{"key":"bibr126-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400807"},{"key":"bibr127-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330150202"},{"key":"bibr128-107110070002101213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330720409"},{"key":"bibr129-107110070002101213","first-page":"562","volume":"38","author":"Williams P.L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Hosp. Med."}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070002101213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/107110070002101213","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070002101213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:19:46Z","timestamp":1777411186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/107110070002101213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/107110070002101213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070002101213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}}}