{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:10:54Z","timestamp":1783480254397,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous reconstructive procedures are performed to correct both ankle and subtalar instability after trauma although the precise pathology which results in this chronic instability and pain is not yet known. This study examined the role of the calcaneofibular (CLFL) and cervical ligaments (CRVL) during physiologic loading and demonstrated the effect of CLFL deficiency on the CRVL. Talar and subtalar tilt as well as inversion range of motion before and after CLFL sectioning were studied. Eleven osteoligamentous fresh frozen cadaver legs were used in which each foot was taken through six positions: neutral, 35\u00b0 plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, plantarflexion-inversion, and dorsiflexion-inversion. The CLFL and CRVL stretched the greatest in dorsiflexion-inversion. The most Interesting finding was that the CRVL was elongated relative to neutral in all other test positions of the foot. However, the CLFL was shortened relative to neutral in plantarflexion and plantarflexion-inversion. In the CLFL deficient state, CRVL ratios demonstrated significant increases in length of the CRVL. Talar tilt increased on average more than 9\u00b0 with CLFL deficiency (p&lt;0.008) while subtalar tilt did not change significantly. The maximum tibiocalcaneal angle, recorded for dorsiflexion-inversion, increased more than 5\u00b0 after sectioning the CLFL (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T10:57:37Z","timestamp":1484132257000},"page":"515-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Elongation Behavior of Calcaneofibular and Cervical Ligaments in a Closed Kinetic Chain: Pathomechanics of Lateral Hindfoot Instability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lewis P.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Wayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidney N.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McClaren General Hospital, Flint, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Adelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B2.2647757"},{"key":"bibr2-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078500600202"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759030-00005"},{"key":"bibr4-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101100605"},{"key":"bibr5-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091530102"},{"key":"bibr6-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078400500307"},{"key":"bibr7-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500308"},{"key":"bibr8-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300214"},{"key":"bibr9-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800214"},{"key":"bibr10-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101100604"},{"key":"bibr11-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300607"},{"key":"bibr12-107110070202300608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B3.7744924"},{"key":"bibr13-107110070202300608","first-page":"3","volume":"28","author":"Kjaersgaard Andersen P.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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