{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:19:16Z","timestamp":1789557556997,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A wealth of clinical and experimental data suggests, that anatomical restoration of the posterior calcaneal facet is a major predictor of outcome after intra-articular calcaneus fractures. The value of subtalar arthroscopy was examined in three clinical study groups (I\u2013III).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and Methods: (I) The subtalar joint was inspected arthroscopically in 28 patients during hardware removal one year after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). This procedure was accompanied by subtalar arthrolysis in all cases. (II) Open subtalar arthroscopy was performed to evaluate the quality of reduction after ORIF of intra-articular calcaneus fractures in 59 cases. Arthroscopy was performed after seemingly exact reconstruction of the posterior facet as judged visually and fluoroscopically. (III) Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous reduction and screw fixation (PRSF) was performed in 18 patients with Sanders II fractures. Reduction was achieved with a Schanz screw introduced percutaneously into the tuberosity fragment and controlled fluoroscopically, while fine corrections were made under arthroscopic guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: (I) Clinical results after ORIF of intra-articular calcaneus fractures were highly correlated to the degree of residual incongruities and chondromalacia of the posterior facet as seen arthroscopically during hardware removal (P&lt;0.01). (II) In 13 of 59 cases (22.0%) during ORIF despite seemingly accurate reduction, steps between 1\u20132 mm were detected arthroscopically in the posterior calcaneal facet and reduction was repeated subsequently in these cases. (III) Fifteen patients who underwent arthroscopically guided PRSF were re-evaluated after a minimum of one year with excellent clinical results (94.1 pts. with the AOFAS scales). No wound complications were seen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Subtalar arthroscopy provides a most precise and thorough view of the posterior facet of the calcaneus both in assessing the quality of initial reduction as well as evaluation during hardware removal after intra-articular calcaneus fractures. It is more precise than intra-operative fluoroscopy and less time consuming than standard Brod\u00e9n views during surgery. The use of arthroscopy allows anatomical percutaneous reduction and screw fixation of Sanders II fractures. It therefore provides a useful additional tool in treating intra-articular calcaneus fractures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202301004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T21:23:26Z","timestamp":1448400206000},"page":"906-916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["The Value of Subtalar Arthroscopy in the Management of Intra-articular Calcaneus Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Rammelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital \u201cCarl Gustav Carus\u201d, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann Marian","family":"Gavlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital \u201cCarl Gustav Carus\u201d, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Barthel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital \u201cCarl Gustav Carus\u201d, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Zwipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital \u201cCarl Gustav Carus\u201d, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070202301004","first-page":"856","volume":"19","author":"Abidi NA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wound-healing risk factors after open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneus fractures"},{"key":"bibr2-107110070202301004","first-page":"128","volume":"290","author":"Benirschke SK","year":"1993","journal-title":"Extensive intra-articular fractures of the foot"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070202301004","first-page":"55","volume":"290","author":"Bezes H","year":"1993","journal-title":"The operative treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures"},{"key":"bibr4-107110070202301004","first-page":"723","volume":"157","author":"B\u00f6hler L","year":"1929","journal-title":"Behandlung der Fersenbeinbr\u00fcche"},{"key":"bibr5-107110070202301004","first-page":"85","volume":"31","author":"Brod\u00e9n B","year":"1949","journal-title":"Roentgen examination of the subtaloid joint in fractures of the calcaneus"},{"key":"bibr6-107110070202301004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Buckley RE; Meek RN: Comparison of open vs. closed reduction of intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a matched cohort in workmen. In: Schatzker J; Tscherne H; eds. Major fractures of the pilon, the talus and the calcaneus. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag, 1992. p. 195.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77729-5_19"},{"key":"bibr7-107110070202301004","first-page":"87","volume":"177","author":"Burdeaux BD","year":"1983","journal-title":"Reduction of calcaneal fractures by the McReynolds medial approach technique and its experimental basis"},{"key":"bibr8-107110070202301004","first-page":"21","volume":"16","author":"Cameron SE","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthroscopic arthrodesis of the ankle joint"},{"key":"bibr9-107110070202301004","first-page":"665","volume":"25","author":"Carr JB","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surgical treatment of the intra-articular calcaneus fracture"},{"key":"bibr10-107110070202301004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Cheng JC; Ferkel RD: The role of arthroscopy in ankle and subtalar degenerative joint disease. Clin Orthop: 65\u201372, 1998.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199804000-00009"},{"key":"bibr11-107110070202301004","first-page":"852","volume":"72","author":"Crosby LA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Computerized tomography scanning of acute intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus"},{"key":"bibr12-107110070202301004","first-page":"47","volume":"290","author":"Crosby LA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Intra-articular calcaneal fractures"},{"key":"bibr13-107110070202301004","first-page":"422","volume":"20","author":"Elgafy H","year":"1999","journal-title":"Subtalar arthroscopy for persistent subfibular pain after calcaneal fractures"},{"key":"bibr14-107110070202301004","unstructured":"14. Ferkel RD: Subtalar Arthroscopy. In: Ferkel RD; ed. Arthroscopic Surgery: The Foot and Ankle. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996. pp. 231\u2013254."},{"key":"bibr15-107110070202301004","first-page":"108","volume":"290","author":"Fernandez DL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Combined percutaneous and \u201cminimal\u201d internal fixation for displaced articular fractures of the calcaneus"},{"key":"bibr16-107110070202301004","first-page":"369","volume":"13","author":"Folk JW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Early wound complications of operative treatment of calcaneus fractures: analysis of 190 fractures"},{"key":"bibr17-107110070202301004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Forgon M: Closed reduction and percutaneus osteosynthesis: technique and results in 265 calcaneal fractures. In: Tscherne H; Schatzker J; eds. Major fractures of the pilon, the talus and the calcaneus. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag, 1992. pp. 207\u2013213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77729-5_20"},{"key":"bibr18-107110070202301004","first-page":"139","volume":"80","author":"Freeman B","year":"1998","journal-title":"The extended lateral approach to the hindfoot"},{"key":"bibr19-107110070202301004","first-page":"424","volume":"15","author":"Frey C","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthroscopy of the subtalar joint"},{"key":"bibr20-107110070202301004","first-page":"185","volume":"20","author":"Frey C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthroscopic evaluation of the subtalar joint: does sinus tarsi syndrome exist?"},{"key":"bibr21-107110070202301004","first-page":"172","volume":"282","author":"Gavlik JM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Minimal-invasive, arthroskopisch gest\u00fctzte Osteosynthese von Calcaneusfrakturen"},{"key":"bibr22-107110070202301004","first-page":"63","volume":"33","author":"Gavlik JM","year":"2002","journal-title":"The use of subtalar arthroscopy in open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular calcaneus fractures"},{"key":"bibr23-107110070202301004","first-page":"254","volume":"29","author":"Gissane W","year":"1947","journal-title":"News notes: Proceedings of the British Orthopedic Association"},{"key":"bibr24-107110070202301004","first-page":"462","volume":"19","author":"Goldberger MI","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Outcome after subtalar arthroscopy"},{"key":"bibr25-107110070202301004","first-page":"1271","volume":"158","author":"Jansen DL","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, value of CT findings in determining prognosis"},{"key":"bibr26-107110070202301004","first-page":"762","volume":"15","author":"Jazrawi L","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthroscopic removal of bullet fragments from the subtalar joint"},{"key":"bibr27-107110070202301004","first-page":"349","volume":"15","author":"Kitaoka H","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical rating systems for the ankle, hindfoot, midfoot, hallux and lesser toes"},{"key":"bibr28-107110070202301004","first-page":"839","volume":"41","author":"Kundel K","year":"1996","journal-title":"Calcaneal fractures: operative vs"},{"key":"bibr29-107110070202301004","first-page":"196","volume":"75","author":"Leung S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Operative treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum"},{"key":"bibr30-107110070202301004","first-page":"792","volume":"100","author":"Lutz M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wundrandnekrosen nach offener Fersenbeinrekonstruktion"},{"key":"bibr31-107110070202301004","first-page":"239","volume":"102","author":"Mayr E","year":"1999","journal-title":"Minimal-invasive, intraoperativ CT-gesteuerte Korrektur einer Kalkaneusosteosynthese"},{"key":"bibr32-107110070202301004","first-page":"303","volume":"7","author":"Mittlmeier T","year":"1993","journal-title":"Analysis of morphology and gait function after intra-articular calcaneal fracture"},{"key":"bibr33-107110070202301004","first-page":"842","volume":"19","author":"Mulcahy DM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Intraarticular calcaneal fractures: effect of open reduction and internal fixation on the contact characteristics of the subtalar joint"},{"key":"bibr34-107110070202301004","first-page":"263","volume":"24","author":"O'Farrell D","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fractures of the os calcis: improved results with internal fixation"},{"key":"bibr35-107110070202301004","first-page":"752","volume":"43","author":"Outerbridge RE","year":"1961","journal-title":"Further studies on the etiology of chondromalacia patellae"},{"key":"bibr36-107110070202301004","first-page":"342","volume":"75","author":"Paley D","year":"1993","journal-title":"Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus"},{"key":"bibr37-107110070202301004","first-page":"125","volume":"290","author":"Paley D","year":"1993","journal-title":"Open reduction and circular external fixation of intra-articular calcaneal fractures"},{"key":"bibr38-107110070202301004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(85)80079-7","volume":"1","author":"Parisien JS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthroscopy of the subtalar joint: an experimental approach"},{"key":"bibr39-107110070202301004","first-page":"302","volume":"15","author":"Pescatori G","year":"1989","journal-title":"The ilizarov apparatus in the treatment of thalamic fractures of the calcaneus"},{"key":"bibr40-107110070202301004","first-page":"99","volume":"268","author":"Rammelt S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Effizienz der offenen subtalaren Arthroskopie bei der operativen Versorgung intraartikul\u00e4rer Calcaneusfrakturen"},{"key":"bibr41-107110070202301004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Sanders R; Fortin P; DiPasquale A; Walling D; Helfet D; Ross E: The results of operative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures using a CT scan classification. In: Tscherne H; Schatzker J; eds. Major fractures of the pilon, the talus and the calcaneus. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag, 1992. pp. 175\u2013189.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77729-5_17"},{"key":"bibr42-107110070202301004","first-page":"225","volume":"82","author":"Sanders R","year":"2000","journal-title":"Displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus"},{"key":"bibr43-107110070202301004","first-page":"251","volume":"9","author":"Sangeorzan BJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contact characteristics of the subtalar joint after a simulated calcaneus fracture"},{"key":"bibr44-107110070202301004","first-page":"115","volume":"69","author":"Stephenson JR","year":"1987","journal-title":"Treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus using medial and lateral approaches, internal fixation, and early motion"},{"key":"bibr45-107110070202301004","first-page":"2","volume":"17","author":"Thordarson DB","year":"1996","journal-title":"Operative vs"},{"key":"bibr46-107110070202301004","first-page":"469","volume":"12","author":"Tornetta P","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Essex-Lopresti reduction for calcaneal fractures revisited"},{"key":"bibr47-107110070202301004","first-page":"111","volume":"85","author":"Tscherne H","year":"1982","journal-title":"Die Klassifizierung des Weichteilschadens bei offenen und geschlossenen Frakturen"},{"key":"bibr48-107110070202301004","first-page":"121","volume":"35","author":"Westhues H","year":"1934","journal-title":"Eine neue Behandlungsmethode der Calcaneus-frakturen"},{"key":"bibr49-107110070202301004","first-page":"995","volume":"35","author":"Westhues H","year":"1935","journal-title":"Eine neue Behandlungsmethode der Calcaneus-frakturen"},{"key":"bibr50-107110070202301004","first-page":"76","volume":"290","author":"Zwipp H","year":"1993","journal-title":"Osteosynthesis of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus"},{"key":"bibr51-107110070202301004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6638-3"},{"key":"bibr52-107110070202301004","unstructured":"52. Zwipp H; Gavlik JM; Rammelt S: Operative Therapie der Calcaneusfrakturen. In: Moorahrend U; ed. Funktionelle Behandlung ausgesuchter Verletzungen der unteren Extremit\u00e4t. M\u00fcnchen: Sympomed, 1999. pp. 27\u201337."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr53-107110070202301004","first-page":"129","volume":"2","author":"Zwipp H","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fersenbeinbruch"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070202301004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/107110070202301004","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070202301004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:20:26Z","timestamp":1777411226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/107110070202301004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/107110070202301004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070202301004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}}}