{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:01:40Z","timestamp":1785884500768,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Toe flexor force (hallux and second toe) was determined in the right and left feet of 24 dancers and 29 non-dancers (sitting and standing positions) using a commercially-available pressure sensor connected to a voltmeter. For the hallux and second toe combined (all trials combined), average toe flexor force was slightly greater for dancers than non-dancers (dancers, 7\u00b14 N; non-dancers, 6\u00b14 N; p&lt;0.049). For dancers and non-dancers combined (all trials), the average toe flexor force of the hallux was more than twice that of the second toe (hallux, 9\u00b14 N; 2nd toe, 4\u00b11 N; p&lt;0.0001); average toe flexor force was slightly greater in standing than sitting positions (standing, 7\u00b14 N; sitting, 6\u00b13 N; p&lt;0.0001); and the average toe flexor force was slightly greater for the right than left foot (right, 7\u00b14 N; left, 6\u00b14 N; p&lt;0.012). The average toe flexor force was greatest for the first repetition and slightly decreased for the second and third repetitions (first repetition, 7\u00b14 N; second and third repetitions each, 6\u00b14 N; p&lt;0.0013). Toe flexor force measurement may potentially be applicable to clinical practice as a guide to rehabilitation after injury or as a screening parameter for readiness to advance dance or other athletic training, performance, or competition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202301207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T04:10:30Z","timestamp":1484280630000},"page":"1119-1123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Toe Flexor Forces in Dancers and Non-Dancers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Aneel","family":"Nihal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgeon, Glass and Inserra, P.C., Stony Brook, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Harkness Center for Dance Injuries, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Hiebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Unit, Bioengineering Center, NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick J.","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Director, Musculoskeletal Research Center, NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijeanne","family":"Liederbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Research, Harkness Center for Dance Injuries, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elly","family":"Trepman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070202301207","volume-title":"Muscles alive: their functions revealed by electromyography, fifth edition","author":"Basmajian JV","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr2-107110070202301207","first-page":"244","volume-title":"AAOS Instructional Course Lectures","author":"Bechtol CO","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070202301207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195436040-00013"},{"key":"bibr4-107110070202301207","first-page":"41","volume":"16","author":"Elftman H","year":"1960","journal-title":"Clin. 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