{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:57:29Z","timestamp":1790171849356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this ex vivo biomechanical study was to determine the strength and stiffness of the anterior and posterior syndesmotic tibiofibular ligaments and the posterior tibiotalar component of the deltoid ligament. Injuries to these ligaments are a prevalent clinical problem, yet little is known about their mechanical behavior. Ten fresh-frozen cadaver lower extremities (average age at death, 72 \u00b1 8 years) were harvested. The anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the posterior tibiotalar component of the deltoid were isolated and prepared as bone\u2013ligament\u2013bone complexes for tensile testing to determine strength, stiffness, and mode of failure. The posterior tibiofibular ligament exhibited greater strength, but not significantly so ( p &lt;.05), than the anterior tibiofibular ligament and the posterior tibiotalar component of the deltoid ligament. There were no significant differences in stiffness between the three ligaments tested. The dominant mode of failure for the anterior tibiofibular ligament was ligament substance rupture, primarily near its fibular insertion, whereas the failure modes of the posterior tibiofibular ligament were evenly split between substance ruptures and fibular avulsions. The posterior tibiotalar component of the deltoid ligament ruptured most often near the talar insertion. The tibiofibular ligaments showed greater strength than the lateral collateral and deltoid ligaments, as mentioned in literature. The greater strength of the tibiofibular ligaments relative to the lateral collateral and deltoid ligaments suggests that these ligaments play an important role in ankle constraint.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T16:10:25Z","timestamp":1484323825000},"page":"426-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["A Biomechanical Evaluation of the Tibiofibular and Tibiotalar Ligaments of the Ankle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Annechien","family":"Beumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, MD"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter L.W.","family":"van Hemert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart A.","family":"Swierstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis E.","family":"Jasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Belkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070302400509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900315"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr2-107110070302400509","first-page":"425","volume":"46","author":"Cedell CA","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. 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Unfallheilkd."},{"key":"bibr12-107110070302400509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078800800502"},{"key":"bibr13-107110070302400509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078300400208"},{"key":"bibr14-107110070302400509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2001.23228"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070302400509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/107110070302400509","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070302400509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:21:23Z","timestamp":1777411283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/107110070302400509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/107110070302400509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070302400509","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}}}