{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:34:08Z","timestamp":1787589248904,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrocnemius recession is performed for equinus contracture of the ankle and as an adjunct treatment for various foot pathologies. Successful release relies on many factors, including a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the gastrocnemius-soleus junction and its relationship to the sural nerve which may be vulnerable to iatrogenic injury. Neither the average width of the tendon at the gastrocnemius-soleus junction, the anatomy of the sural nerve with respect to the gastrocnemius-soleus junction, nor appropriate landmarks for accurate incision placement at this level to avoid undesirable vertical extension, however, have yet to be acceptably defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen fresh-frozen cadavers were dissected and the width of the tendon at the gastrocnemius-soleus junction, the distance of the sural nerve from the lateral border of the tendon at this level, the length of the fibula, and the distance from the distal tip of the fibula to the gastrocnemius-soleus junction were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average width of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex at the junction was 58 mm (range, 44\u201369 mm), the average distance of the sural nerve from the lateral border of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex at the level of the gastrocnemius-soleus junction was 12 mm (range, 7\u201317 mm), the average percentage of this distance as compared to the entire width of gastrocnemius-soleus junction was 20% (range, 13%-27%), and the ratio of the distance of the gastrocnemius-soleus junction from the distal tip of the fibula divided by the length of the fibula was 0.5 (range, 0.5\u20130.6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results provide some guidelines as to the approximate size of the gastrocnemius\u2013soleus complex at the site of gastrocnemius recession along with the location of the sural nerve at the musculotendinous junction. Also, the results indicate that the fibula can serve as a reproducible anatomic landmark to enable localization of the gastrocnemius\u2013soleus junction at the time of gastrocnemius recession.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T05:04:19Z","timestamp":1484283859000},"page":"473-476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Anatomic Study of the Gastrocnemius\u2013Soleus Junction and its Relationship to the Sural Nerve"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Robert Z.","family":"Tashjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Joshua","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"DiGiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI"},{"name":"Foot and Ankle Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199903000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Le Double's study of muscle variations of the human body","volume":"6","author":"Bejjani FJ","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bejjani FJ, Jahss MH (translators): Le Double's study of muscle variations of the human body. I. Muscle variations of the leg. Foot Ankle 6:111\u2013134, 1985.","journal-title":"I. Muscle variations of the leg. Foot Ankle"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"The structure of the calcaneal tendon (of Achilles) in relation to orthopedic surgery with additional observations on the plantaris muscle","volume":"106","author":"Cummins EJ","year":"1946","unstructured":"Cummins EJ, Anson BJ, Carr BW, Wright RR, Hause DW: The structure of the calcaneal tendon (of Achilles) in relation to orthopedic surgery with additional observations on the plantaris muscle. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 106:100\u2013116, 1946.","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052020-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Foot and Ankle","author":"Horton GA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Horton GA: Nerve problems of the foot and ankle. In: Mizel MS, Miller RA, Scioli MW, eds, Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Foot and Ankle, 2nd ed, Chicago, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1998, p. 329.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"274","article-title":"The course, mutual relationship and distribution of the cutaneous nerve of the metazonal region of the leg and foot","volume":"60","author":"Kosinki C","year":"1926","unstructured":"Kosinki C: The course, mutual relationship and distribution of the cutaneous nerve of the metazonal region of the leg and foot. J. Anat. 60:274\u2013297, 1926.","journal-title":"J. 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