{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:08:47Z","timestamp":1777612127316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The degree of obliquity of the base of the first metatarsal is thought to predispose to metatarsus primus varus deformity. Radiographs currently are used to interpret the obliquity of the proximal first metatarsal but are subject to error. A \u2018normal\u2019 obliquity of the first metatarsal base has not yet been established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct measurements of 77 human first metatarsals were used to establish mean values for the proximal first metatarsal obliquity angle with respect to age, gender, and ethnicity in this sample population. The overall length of the first metatarsal and the width of the base were measured. The measured values were compared in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity of the specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall mean obliquity angle was 3.42 degrees (range, \u22123 to 8 degrees, SD 2.54). The mean obliquity angle in females was 3.67 degrees (range, \u22123 to 8 degrees, SD 2.91). The mean obliquity angle in males was 3.30 degrees (range, \u22122 to 7 degrees, SD 2.24). Mean base obliquity angle in the African-American specimens was 3.0 degrees (range, 3 to 7 degrees, SD 2.59), while the average first obliquity angle in the Caucasian specimens was 3.83 degrees (range, \u22122 to 8 degrees, SD 2.34). The obliquity of the first metatarsal base increased with age from a mean of 3.5 degrees in the youngest group to 5.13 degrees in the oldest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exaggerated obliquity of the first metatarsal base is a proposed cause for metatarsus primus varus. No average values had been established for the proximal first metatarsal obliquity. These mean values are useful in determining if pathologic obliquity is present. In this study group, the mean medial obliquity angle was 3.42 degrees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402501006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T23:28:31Z","timestamp":1484350111000},"page":"728-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Obliquity of the First Metatarsal Base"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Hyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrence M.","family":"Philbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Berlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(01)80077-6"},{"key":"bibr2-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500907"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070402501006","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Surgery of the Foot and Ankle","author":"Coughlin MJ","year":"1993","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr4-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(01)80003-X"},{"key":"bibr5-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902001007"},{"key":"bibr6-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600302"},{"key":"bibr7-107110070402501006","unstructured":"Hansen ST: Functional Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 30\u201331, 2000."},{"key":"bibr8-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500103"},{"key":"bibr9-107110070402501006","first-page":"183","volume":"58","author":"Lapidus PW","year":"1934","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet"},{"key":"bibr10-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330820202"},{"key":"bibr11-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(24)00130-X","volume":"5","author":"Myerson MS","year":"2000","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"bibr12-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079001000601"},{"key":"bibr13-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-9-491"},{"key":"bibr14-107110070402501006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078900900401"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070402501006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/107110070402501006","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/107110070402501006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:21:36Z","timestamp":1777411296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/107110070402501006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/107110070402501006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070402501006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}}}