{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:10:56Z","timestamp":1787019056826,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arthrodesis is the most common surgical treatment for foot and ankle arthritis. In adults, these procedures are associated with a 5% to 10% rate of nonunion. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of delayed unions after long-bone fractures and joint arthrodesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of PEMF treatment for delayed healing after foot and ankle arthrodesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and thirty-four foot and ankle arthrodeses were done. Nineteen resulted in delayed unions that were treated with a protocol of immobilization, limited weightbearing, and PEMF stimulation for a median of 7 (range 5 to 27) months. All patients were followed clinically and radiographically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of PEMF, immobilization, and limited weightbearing to treat delayed union after foot and ankle arthrodesis was successful in 5 of 19 (26%) patients. Of the other 14 patients with nonunions, nine had revision surgery with autogenous grafting, continued immobilization, and PEMF stimulation. Seven of these eventually healed at a median of 5.5 (range 2 to 26) months and two did not heal. One patient had a below-knee amputation, and four refused further treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol of PEMF, immobilization, and limited weightbearing had a relatively low success rate in this group of patients. We no longer use this protocol alone to treat delayed union after foot and ankle arthrodesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402501102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T09:49:12Z","timestamp":1484300952000},"page":"771-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["PEMF as Treatment for Delayed Healing of Foot and Ankle Arthrodesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Saltzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Lightfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annunziato","family":"Amendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070402501102","unstructured":"EBI Bone Healing System. Edited, 2003."},{"key":"bibr2-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678408992400"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701800511"},{"key":"bibr4-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31279-7"},{"key":"bibr5-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320300027017"},{"key":"bibr6-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400403"},{"key":"bibr7-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(85)90134-2"},{"key":"bibr8-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19920601-08"},{"key":"bibr9-107110070402501102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31282-7"},{"key":"bibr10-107110070402501102","first-page":"29","volume":"268","author":"Kirkpatrick J.S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. 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