{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:43:40Z","timestamp":1792197820107,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In 1976, Ramsey and Hamilton published a classic experiment investigating the biomechanical effects of talar shift in a simple ankle fracture model. Their finding was that 1 mm of talar shift resulted in a 42% decrease in tibiotalar contact surface area. Based on this conclusion, 1 mm of talar shift became the recognized indication for operative fixation. Methods: Twelve cadaver ankles were dissected and the distal tibia coated with carbon powder. A 70-kg load was applied to the distal tibia that resulted in transference of the carbon onto the talus. The contact surface area was determined at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mm of talar shift using spacers fixed in the medial gutter. Tracing paper was used to mark the outline of the contact area and measured using graph paper. Results: Our results were similar to Ramsey and Hamilton's original experiment. One millimeter of lateral talar shift resulted in 40% loss of contact surface area compared with 42% in the original experiment. A large variance was seen in talar contact surface area depending on the morphology of the ankle joint. Conclusion: Ramsey and Hamilton's original experiment was valid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]],"date-time":"2017-01-12T21:54:27Z","timestamp":1484258067000},"page":"793-796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Revisiting the Concept of Talar Shift in Ankle Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiltshire, U.K."},{"name":"Salisbury District Hospital, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherief","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiltshire, U.K."},{"name":"Nottingham Hospital, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartik","family":"Hariharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiltshire, U.K."},{"name":"Royal Gwent Hospital, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiltshire, U.K."},{"name":"Royal Gwent Hospital, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-107110070602701006","first-page":"101","volume":"56","author":"Cedell C","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand."},{"key":"bibr2-107110070602701006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456050-00010"},{"key":"bibr3-107110070602701006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01246141"},{"key":"bibr4-107110070602701006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1950.01250010980011"},{"key":"bibr5-107110070602701006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31465-6"},{"key":"bibr6-107110070602701006","first-page":"741","volume":"21","author":"Moody M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthop. 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